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化学基础(第4版)(影印版)


作者:
Ralph A.Burns
定价:
55.00元
ISBN:
978-7-04-014460-4
版面字数:
1510千字
开本:
16开
全书页数:
746页
装帧形式:
平装
重点项目:
暂无
出版时间:
2004-03-25
读者对象:
高等教育
一级分类:
化学类
二级分类:
理工科类专业(不含化学/化工)化学基础课
三级分类:
普通化学及实验

暂无
  • Preface xv
    • A Guide to UsingThis Text xxi
    • A Letter to the Student xxvii
  • 1 Chemistry Is Everywhere
    • 1.1 Chemistry in Our World Chemistry at Work Chemistry and the Automobile Industry
    • 1.2 A Scientific Approach to Solving Problems
    • 1.3 Hypothesis to Theory: The Scientific Method
    • 1.4 Searching for Answers: Applied and Basic Research Chemistry in Our World Chemistry and Deep-Sea Diving
    • 1.5 Chemistry: A Central Science in Your Education Chapter Summary Assess Your Understanding Key Terms Problems
  • 2 Matter and Energy
    • 2.1 Matter
    • 2.2 Matter Has States
    • 2.3 Elements and Compounds
    • 2.4 Pure Substances and Mixtures
    • 2.5 Physical and Chemical Properties and Changes A Closer Look Properties of Sulfur
    • 2.6 The Law of Conservation of Mass Faces of Chemistry Chemistry Becomes a Quantitative Science
    • 2.7 Energy and Chemical Change Chemistry in Our World Getting Rid of Solid Waste Chemistry in Our World Photosynthesis and Metabolism
    • 2.8 The Law of Conservation of Energy
    • 2.9 The Conversion of Matter to Energy Chapter Summary Assess Your Understanding Key Terms Problems Additional Problems
  • 3 Fundamental Measurements
    • 3.1 Metric and SI Units
    • 3.2 Metric Length Measurement and Approximations
    • 3.3 Conversion Factors and Dimensional Analysis
    • 3.4 Metric Volume Measurement and Conversions
    • 3.5 Metric Mass Measurement and Conversions
    • 3.6 Conversion of Metric and English Units
    • 3.7 Uncertainty in Measurement
    • 3.8 Significant Figures
    • 3.9 Scientific Notation
    • A Closer Look Counting Millions and Billions
    • A Closer Look How Much is One Part Per Billion?
    • 3.10 Density and Specific Gravity
    • 3.11 Measurement of Temperature
    • 3.12 Temperature and Heat Energy Chapter Summary Assess Your Understanding Key Terms Problems Multi-Concept Challenge Problems Additional Problems
    • 4 Elements, Atoms, and the Periodic Table
    • 4.1 Elements: Ancient and Modern Theory
    • A Closer Look Searching for the Elements
    • 4.2 Names and Symbols
    • 4.3 Abundant and Rare Elements
    • 4.4 The Periodic Table of Elements
    • 4.5 Physical Properties of Elements
    • 4.6 Atoms: Democritus to Dalton
    • A Closer Look Experimental Verification
    • 4.7 Dalton’s Atomic Theory
    • 4.8 Atoms and Subatomic Particles
    • 4.9 Isotopes
    • 4.10 Atomic Masses of the Elements
    • 4.11 Counting with Moles
    • 4.12 Molar Masses and Chemical Formulas: An Introduction Chapter Summary Assess Your Understanding Key Terms Problems Multi-Concept Challenge Problems Additional Problems
  • 5 Atomic Structure: Atoms and Ions
    • 5.1 The Discovery of Atomic Structure Faces of Chemistry The Curies
    • 5.2 The Electromagnetic Spectrum Chemistry in Our World Our Atmospheric Ozone Layer and UV Radiation Chemistry in Our World Sunscreens and Sunblocks Chemistry at Work IR Spectrometers
    • 5.3 Excited Electrons and Spectra Chemistry in Our World Fireworks and Flame Colors
    • 5.4 Electrons in Atoms
    • Chemistry in Our World Excited Electrons and Spectra Faces of Chemistry Niels Bohr
    • 5.5 The Quantum Mechanical Model of the Atom A Closer Look The Uncertainty Principle
    • 5.6 Energy Levels of Electrons
    • 5.7 Valence Electron and Lewis Symbols Faces of Chemistry Gilbert N. Lewis Electronic Structure: Optional Additional Insights
    • 5.8 Energy Sublevels and Orbitals
    • 5.9 Energy Sublevels and the Periodic Table
    • 5.10 Electron Configurations and Orbital Diagrams Chapter Swnunary Assess Your Understanding Kev Terms Problems Multi-Concept Challenge Problems Additional Problems
  • 6 Names, Formulas, and Uses of Inorganic Compounds
    • 6.1 Monatomic Ions
    • 6.2 Polyatomic Ions
    • 6.3 Names and Formulas of Ionic Compounds
    • 6.4 The Use of Parentheses in Chemical Formula Writing
    • 6.5 Determining the Name of an Ionic Compounds from Its Formula
    • 6.6 Names and Formulas of Binary Compounds of Nonmetals Chemistry in Our World Nitric Oxide, Memory, and Aging
    • 6.7 Oxidation Numbers of Atoms in Polyatomic Compounds
    • 6.8 Nomenclature of Acids and Their Salts Chemistrn in Our World Sodium Nitrite, a Closer Look
    • 6.9 Hydrates
    • 6.10 Some Chemicals and Their Uses Chemistry in Our World Sodium Carbonate, a Key Chemical Chapter Summary Assess Your Understanding Kev Terms Problems Multi-Concept Challenge Problems Additional Problems
  • 7 Periodic Properties of Elements
    • 7.1 Making Order Out of Chaos: Discoveries of Periodicity
    • 7.2 The Periodic Table Today
    • 7.3 Atomic and Ionic Size
    • 7.4 Ionization Energy
    • 7.5 Melting Point and Boiling Point Trends
    • 7.6 Density and Conductivity Trends
    • 7.7 A Survey of Elements by Groups Chemistry in Our World“Buckyballs”Discovery Merits 1996 Nobel Prize
    • 7.8 Transition Metals
    • 7.9 Inner Transition Metals
    • Chapter Summary Assess Your Understanding
    • Key Terms Problems
    • Multi-Concept Challenge Problems Additional Problems
  • 8 Chemical Bonds
    • 8.1 Ionic Bonds
    • 8.2 Covalent Bonds
    • 8.3 Electronegativity
    • 8.4 Polar Covalent Bonds
    • 8.5 Metallic Bonding
    • 8.6 Conductivity, Solubility, and Other Clues to Chemical Bonding
    • 8.7 Writing Lewis Electron-Dot Formulas Chemistry in Our World Carbon Dioxide and Carbon Monoxide
    • 8.8 Shapes of Molecules: Balloon Models and Electron Pair Repulsion Chemistry in Our World Free Radicals and Ozone Layer Depletion
    • 8.9 Water: A Bent Molecule
    • 8.10 Ammonia: A Trigonal Pyramidal Molecule
    • 8.11 Ammonium Ions and Coordinate Covalent Bonds
    • 8.12 Methane: A Tetrahedral Molecule
    • 8.13 Molecular Structures and the Periodic Table
    • 8.14 Hydrogen Bonding Chapter Summary Assess Your Understanding Key Terms Problems Multi-Concept Challenge Problems Additional Problems
  • 9 Chemical Quantities
    • 9.1 Formula Weights and Molecular Weights
    • 9.2 Moles and Molar Masses A Closer Look How Big Is Avogadro’s Number?
    • 9.3 Composition Calculations
    • 9.4 Mass and Mole Conversions
    • 9.5 Calculations Involving Avogadro’s Number
    • 9.6 Molarity
    • 9.7 Empirical Formulas and Molecular Formulas
    • 9.8 Determination of Empirical Formulas
    • 9.9 Determination of Molecular Formulas
    • Chapter Summary Assess Your Understanding
    • Key Terms Problems
    • Multi-Concept Challenge Problems Additional Problems
  • 10 Chemical Reactions
    • 10.1 Chemical Reactions and Chemical Equations
    • 10.2 What Balanced Chemical Equations Tell Us
    • 10.3 Writing and Balancing Chemical Equations
    • 10.4 Classifying Reactions
    • 10.5 Combustion
    • Chemistry in Our World Combustion, Carbon Dioxide, and the Greenhouse Effect
    • 10.6 Synthesis (Combination) Reactions
    • 10.7 Decomposition Reactions
    • 10.8 Reactions of Metals
    • 10.9 Reactions of Nonmetals
    • 10.10 Double-Replacement Reactions
    • 10.11 Ionic and Net Ionic Equations
    • Chemistry in Our World Chemical Reactions in Limestone Caves
    • 10.12 Neutralization: A Double-Replacement Reaction
    • Chapter Summary Assess Your Understanding
    • Key Terms Problems
    • Multi-Concept Challenge Problems Additional Problems
  • 11 Stoichiometry: Calculations Based on Chemical
    • Equations
    • 11.1 Mole Ratios from Chemical Equations
    • 11.2 Mole-Mole Calculations
    • 11.3 Calculations Involving Moles and Masses
    • 11.4 Calculations Involving Molar Solutions
    • 11.5 Limiting Reactant Calculations
    • 11.6 Percent Yield
    • 11.7 Energy Changes in Chemical Reactions
    • Chapter Summary Assess Your Understanding
    • Key Terms Problems
    • Multi-Concept Challenge Problems Additional Problems
  • 12 Gases
    • 12.1 The Atmosphere
    • 12.2 The Kinetic Molecular Theory
    • A Closer Look Gas Pressure Units
    • 12.3 Atmospheric Pressure
    • 12.4 Boyle’s Law: Gas Pressure and Volume
    • 12.5 Charles’s Law: Gas Volume and Temperature
    • 12.6 Gay-Lussac’s Law: Gas Pressure and Temperature
    • Chemistry in Our World Popcorn and the Gas Laws
    • 12.7 Standard Temperature and Pressure
    • 12.8 The Combined Gas Law
    • 12.9 Avogadro’s Law: Gas Volume and Moles
    • 12.10 Molar Volume and Gas Density at STP
    • 12.11 The Ideal Gas Law
    • 12.12 Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures
    • 12.13 Gas Stoichiometry: Putting It All Together
    • Chapter Summary Assess Your Understanding
    • Key Terms Problems
    • Multi-Concept Challenge Problems Additional Problems
  • 13 Liquids and Solids
    • 13.1 Gases, Liquids, and Solids: Some Generalizations
    • 13.2 Interionic and Intermolecular Forces
    • 13.3 The Liquid State
    • 13.4 Vaporization and Condensation
    • 13.5 The Solid State
    • 13.6 Melting and Freezing
    • 13.7 Heating and Cooling Curves
    • 13.8 Water: A Most Unusual Liquid
    • Chemistry in Our World Flash Freezing
    • Chapter Summary Assess Your Understanding
    • Key Terms Problems
    • Multi-Concept Challenge Problems Additional Problems
  • 14 Solutions
    • 14.1 What Is a Solution?
    • 14.2 Solubility Terminology
    • 14.3 The Solubility of Ionic Compounds
    • 14.4 The Solubility of Covalent Compounds
    • 14.5 Solubility Equilibria
    • 14.6 Effects of Temperature and Pressure on Solubility
    • 14.7 Solution Concentration Expressions
    • Chemistry in Our World Lead: How Much Is Too Much?
    • 14.8 Colligative Properties of Solutions
    • 14.9 Colloids
    • 14.10 Osmosis and Dialysis (optional)
    • Chapter Summary Assess Your Understanding
    • Key Terms Problems Additional Problems
  • 15 Reaction Rates and Chemical Equilibrium
    • 15.1 Reaction Rates: Collision Theory
    • 15.2 Factors That Control Reaction Rates
    • Chemistry in Our World Body Temperatures
    • Chemistry at Work Reaction Mechanisms
    • Chemistry al Work Automobile Catalytic Converters
    • 15.3 Reversible Reactions and Equilibrium
    • 15.4 Le Chatelier’s Principle
    • Chemistry at Work Ammonia Synthesis
    • 15.5 The Effect of a Catalyst on a System
    • 15.6 The Equilibrium Constant Expression
    • Chapter Summary Assess Your Understanding
    • Key Terms Problems
    • Multi-Concept Challenge Problems Additional Problems
  • 16 Acids and Bases
    • 16.1 Acids and Bases: The Arrhenius Theory
    • 16.2 Strong and Weak Acids
    • Chemistry at Work Sulfuric Acid
    • 16.3 Strong and Weak Bases
    • 16.4 Reactions of Acids
    • Chemistry in Our World Acid Rain
    • Chemistry in Our World Is There Acid in Your Dough?
    • 16.5 Reactions of Bases
    • Chemistry in Our World Antacid Chemistry
    • 16.6 Bronsted-Lowry Definitions of Acids and Bases
    • 16.7 Lewis Definitions of Acids and Bases
    • 16.8 The Self-Ionization of Water
    • 16.9 The pH Scale
    • 16.10 Hydrolysis: Salts in Water
    • 16.11 Buffers: Controlling the pH
    • Chemistry in Our World Buffers in the Blood
    • 16.12 Acid-Base Titrations
    • Chapter Summary Assess Your Understanding
    • Key Terms Problems
    • Multi-Concept Challenge Problems Additional Problems
  • 17 Oxidation and Reduction
    • 17.1 Oxidation Numbers: A Review
    • 17.2 Oxidation and Chemical Properties of Oxygen
    • Chemistry in Our World Oxygen
    • 17.3 Reduction and Chemical Properties of Hydrogen
    • A Closer Look Hydrogen
    • 17.4 Some Important Oxidizing Agents
    • Chemistry at Work Hydrogen Peroxide
    • Chemistry in Our World Antiseptics and Disinfectants
    • 17.5 Some Important Reducing Agents
    • Chemistry in Our World Bleaching and Stain Removal
    • Chemistry at Work Photography
    • 17.6 Oxidization and Reduction Half-Reactions
    • 17.7 Electrolytic Cells
    • 17.8 Voltaic Cells
    • A Closer Look Corrosion
    • Chapter Summary Assess Your Understanding
    • Kev Terms Problems
    • Multi-Concept Challenge Problems Additional Problems
  • 18 Fundamentals of Nuclear Chemistry
    • 18.1 Natural Radioactivity
    • 18.2 Half-life
    • 18.3 Measuring Radiation: The Units
    • 18.4 Radiation Detectors
    • 18.5 Background Radiation
    • Chemistry in Our World Radon-222 in Our Lives
    • 18.6 Artificial Transmutations
    • 18.7 Induced Radioactivity
    • Chemistry at Work Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scans
    • 18.8 Practical Uses of Some Radioisotopes
    • Chemistry at Work Dating the Shroud of Turin
    • 18.9 Nuclear Fission: Splitting Atoms
    • 18.10 Nuclear Power Plants
    • A Closer Look Nuclear Power
    • 18.11 Nuclear Fusion
    • A Closer Look Nuclear Energy
    • Chapter Summary Assess Your Understanding
    • Key Terms Problems Additional Problems
  • 19 Organic Chemistry
    • 19.1 General Properties of Organic and Inorganic Chemicals
    • 19.2 Alkanes: The Saturated Hydrocarbons
    • 19.3 Using Structural Formulas
    • 19.4 The Universal Language: IUPAC Nomenclature
    • Chemistry at Work Gasoline and Octane Ratings
    • 19.5 Alkenes and Alkynes: Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
    • Chemistry in Our World Two Polyethylenes
    • 19.6 Aromatic Hydrocarbons
    • 19.7 Alcohols
    • Chemistry in Our World Ethyl Alcohol
    • 19.8 Phenols
    • 19.9 Ethers
    • 19.10 Aldehydes and Ketones
    • 19.11 Carboxylic Acids and Esters
    • 19.12 Amines and Amides
    • Chapter Summary Assess Your Understanding
    • Key Terms Problems Additional Problems
  • 20 Biochemistry
    • 20.1 Carbohydrates
    • 20.2 Lipids
    • Chemistry in Our World Saturated and Unsaturated Fats in Your Diet
    • 20.3 Amino Acids and Proteins
    • 20.4 Nucleic Acids
    • Chemistry in Our World Genetic Engineering
    • 20.5 Some Vitamins and Hormones
    • Chapter Summary Assess Your Understanding
    • Key Terms Problems Additional Problems
  • APPENDIX A Metric and English Conversions and Some Physical Constants
  • APPENDIX B Basic Algebra Operations
  • APPENDIX C Exponential Notation
  • APPENDIX D Using Conversion Factors to Solve Problems
  • APPENDIX E Glossary
  • APPENDIX F Solutions to Exercises and Answers to Odd-Numbered Problems Credits for Photographs
  • Index

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