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Physics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern Physics(third Edition)大学物理学(第3版




本书根据D.C. Giancoli编著的Physics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern Physics (Third Edition)改编。

本书的原版书图片精美,素材实例丰富,语言平实流畅,注重物理理论与现实生活的结合及物理在工程技术中的应用,特别是书中向读者展示物理世界的方法非常值得称道,注重启发学生思考,激发学生自主学习的热情。可以说,这是一本非常优秀的国外大学物理教材。对原版书的改编,力求保持原作的风格和体系,参照教育部非物理类专业物理基础课程教学指导分委员会2004年制订的《大学物理课程教学基本要求(讨论稿)》,删掉部分与中学物理重复的内容。对于原版书中一些不属于国内课堂讲授的内容,作为拓展阅读资料保留。

本书可作为高等院校理工科非物理专业大学物理课程的双语教材,也可供社会读者阅读参考。



作者:
滕小瑛

定价:
97.00 元

出版时间:
2005-07-20

ISBN:
978-7-04-016563-0

物料号:
16563-00

读者对象:
高等教育

一级分类:
物理学与天文学类

二级分类:
理工类专业物理学基础课程

三级分类:
大学物理学

重点项目:
暂无

版面字数:
1800千字

开本:
16开

装帧形式:
平装

页数:
994

最新
印次时间:
2024年01月
  • 目录
    • 前辅文
      • 1 INTRODUCTION, MEASUREMENT, ESTIMATING
        • 1-1 The Nature of Science
          • 1-2 Models, Theories, and Laws
            • 1-3 Measurement and Uncertainty; Significant Figures
              • 1-4 Units, Standards, and the SI System
                • 1-5 Converting Units
                  • 1-6 Order of Magnitude: Rapid Estimating
                    • 1-7 Dimensions and Dimensional Analysis
                      • SUMMARY
                        • QUESTIONS
                          • PROBLEMS
                            • GENERAL PROBLEMS
                            • 2 DESCRIBING MOTION: KINEMATICS IN ONE DIMENSION
                              • 2-1 Reference Frames and Displacement
                                • 2-2 Average Velocity
                                  • 2-3 Instantaneous Velocity
                                    • 2-4 Acceleration
                                      • 2-5 Motion at Constant Acceleration
                                        • 2-6 Solving Problems
                                          • 2-7 Falling Objects
                                            • 2-8 Use of Calculus; Variable Acceleration
                                              • SUMMARY
                                                • QUESTIONS
                                                  • PROBLEMS
                                                    • GENERAL PROBLEMS
                                                    • 3 KINEMATICS IN TWO DIMENSIONS; VECTORS
                                                      • 3-1 Vectors and Scalars
                                                        • 3-2 Addition of Vectors—Graphical Methods
                                                          • 3-3 Subtraction of Vectors, and Multiplication of a Vector by a Scalar
                                                            • 3-4 Adding Vectors by Components
                                                              • 3-5 Unit Vectors
                                                                • 3-6 Vector Kinematics
                                                                  • 3-7 Projectile Motion
                                                                    • 3-8 Solving Problems involving Projectile Motion
                                                                      • 3-9 Uniform Circular Motion
                                                                        • 3-10 Relative Velocity
                                                                          • SUMMARY
                                                                            • QUESTIONS
                                                                              • PROBLEMS
                                                                                • GENERAL PROBLEMS
                                                                                • 4 DYNAMICS: NEWTON'S LAWS OF MOTION
                                                                                  • 4-1 Force
                                                                                    • 4-2 Newton's First Law of Motion
                                                                                      • 4-3 Mass
                                                                                        • 4-4 Newton's Second Law of Motion
                                                                                          • 4-5 Newton's Third Law of Motion
                                                                                            • 4-6 Weight——the Force of Gravity; and the Normal Force
                                                                                              • 4-7 Solving Problems with Newton's Laws: Free-Body Diagrams
                                                                                                • 4-8 Problem Solving——A General Appranch
                                                                                                  • SUMMARY
                                                                                                    • QUESTIONS
                                                                                                      • PROBLEMS
                                                                                                        • GENERAL PROBLEMS
                                                                                                        • 5 FURTHER APPLICATIONS OF NEWTON's LAWS
                                                                                                          • 5-1 Applications of Newton's Laws Involving Friction
                                                                                                            • 5-2 Dynamics of Uniform Circular Motion
                                                                                                              • 5-3 Highway Curves, Banked and Unbanked
                                                                                                                • 5-4 Nonuniform Circular Motion
                                                                                                                  • 5-5 Velocity-Dependent Forces; Terminal Velocity
                                                                                                                    • SUMMARY
                                                                                                                      • QUESTIONS
                                                                                                                        • PROBLEMS
                                                                                                                          • GENERAL PROBLEMS
                                                                                                                          • *6 GRAVITATION AND NEWTON'S SYNTHESIS
                                                                                                                            • 6-1 Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation
                                                                                                                              • 6-2 Satellites and "Weightlessness”
                                                                                                                                • 6-3 Kepler's Laws and Newton's Synthesis
                                                                                                                                  • 6-4 Gravitational Field
                                                                                                                                    • 6-5 Types of Forces in Nature
                                                                                                                                      • 6-6 Gravitational Versus Inertial Mass; the Principle of Equivalence
                                                                                                                                        • 6-7 Gravitation as Curvature of Space; Black Holes
                                                                                                                                          • QUESTIONS
                                                                                                                                          • 7 WORK AND ENERGY
                                                                                                                                            • 7-1 Work Done by a Constant Force
                                                                                                                                              • 7-2 Scalar Product of Two Vectors
                                                                                                                                                • 7-3 Work Done by a Varying Force
                                                                                                                                                  • 7-4 Kinetic Energy and the Work-Energy Principle
                                                                                                                                                    • *7-5 Kinetic Energy at Very High Speed
                                                                                                                                                      • SUMMARY
                                                                                                                                                        • QUESTIONS
                                                                                                                                                          • PROBLEMS
                                                                                                                                                            • GENERAL PROBLEMS
                                                                                                                                                            • 8 CONSERVATION OF ENERGY
                                                                                                                                                              • 8-1 Conservative and Nonconservative Forces
                                                                                                                                                                • 8-2 Potential Energy
                                                                                                                                                                  • 8-3 Mechanical Energy and Its Conservation
                                                                                                                                                                    • 8-4 Problem Solving Using Conservation of Mechanical Energy
                                                                                                                                                                      • 8-5 The Law of Conservation of Energy
                                                                                                                                                                        • 8-6 Energy Conservation with Dissipative Forces: Solving Problems
                                                                                                                                                                          • 8-7 Gravitational Potential Energy and Escape Velocity
                                                                                                                                                                            • 8-8 Power
                                                                                                                                                                              • 8-9 Potengyl Energy Diagrams; Stable and Unstable Equilibrium
                                                                                                                                                                                • SUMMARY
                                                                                                                                                                                  • QUESTIONS
                                                                                                                                                                                    • PROBLEMS
                                                                                                                                                                                      • GENERAL PROBLEMS
                                                                                                                                                                                      • 9 LINEAR MOMENTUM AND COLLISIONS
                                                                                                                                                                                        • 9-1 Momentum and Its Relation to Force
                                                                                                                                                                                          • 9-2 Conservation of Momentum
                                                                                                                                                                                            • 9-3 Collisions and Impulse
                                                                                                                                                                                              • 9-4 Conservation of Energy and Momentum in Collisions
                                                                                                                                                                                                • 9-5 Elastic Collisions in One Dimension
                                                                                                                                                                                                  • 9-6 Inelastic Collisions
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 9-7 Collisions in Two or Three Dimensions
                                                                                                                                                                                                      • 9-8 Center of Mass (CM)
                                                                                                                                                                                                        • 9-9 Center of Mass and Translational Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • *9-10 Systems of Variable Mass; Rocket Propulsion
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • SUMMARY
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • QUESTIONS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                • PROBLEMS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • GENERAL PROBLEMS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • 10 ROTATIONAL MOTION ABOUT A FIXED AXIS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 10-1 Angular Quantities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • 10-2 Kinematic Equations for Uniformly Accelerated Rotational Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • 10-3 Rolling Motion (without slipping)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • 10-4 Vector Nature of Angular Quantities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • 10-5 Torque
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • 10-6 Rotational Dynamics; Torque and Rotational Inertia
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • 10-7 Solving Problems in Rotational Dynamics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • 10-8 Determining Moments of Inertia
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 10-9 Angular Momentum and Its Conservation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • 10-10 Rotational Kinetic Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • 10-11 Rotational Plus Translational Motion; Rolling
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • *10-12 Why Does a Rolling Sphere Slow Down?
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • SUMMARY
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • QUESTIONS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • PROBLEMS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • GENERAL PROBLEMS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • 11 GENERAL ROTATION
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 11-1 Vector Cross Product
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • 11-2 The Torque Vector
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • 11-3 Angular Momentum of a Particle
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • 11-4 Angular Momentum and Torque for a System of Particles; General Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • 11-5 Angular Momentum and Torque
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • *11-6 Rotational Imbalance for a Rigid Body
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • 11-7 Conservation of Angular Momentun
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • *11-8 The Spinning Top
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 11-9 Rotating Frames of Reference; Inertial Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • *11-10 The Coriolis Effect
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • SUMMARY
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • QUESTIONS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • PROBLEMS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • GENERAL PROBLEMS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • 12 OSCILLATIONS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • 12-1 Oscillations of a Spring
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • 12-2 Simple Harmonic Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 12-3 Energy in the Simple Harmonic Oscillator
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • 12-4 Simple Harmonic Motion Related to Uniform Circular Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • 12-5 The Simple Pendulum
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • 12-6 The Physical Pendulum and the Torsion Pendulum
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • 12-7 Damped Harmonic Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • 12-8 Forced Vibrations; Resonance
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • SUMMARY
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • QUESTIONS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • PROBLEMS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • GENERAL PROBLEMS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • 13 WAVE MOTION
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • 13-1 Characteristics of Wave Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • 13-2 Wave Types
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • 13-3 Energy Transported by Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • 13-4 Mathematical Representation of a Traveling Wave
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • *13-5 The Wave Equation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • 13-6 The Principle of Superposition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 13-7 Reflection and Transmission
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • 13-8 Interference
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • 13-9 Standig, Waves; Resonance
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • *13-10 Refraction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • 13-11 Diffraction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • SUMMARY
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • QUESTIONS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • PROBLEMS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • GENERAL PROBLEMS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 14 SOUND
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • 14-1 Characteristics of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • *14-2 Intensity of Sound; Decibels
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • 14-3 Interference of Sound Waves; Beats
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • 14-4 DoppleiEffect
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • *14-5 Shock Waves and the Sonic Boom
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • *14-6 Applications; Sonar, Ultrasound and Ultrasound Imaging
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • SUMMARY
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • QUESTIONS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • PROBLEMS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • GENERAL PROBLEMS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • 15 TEMPERATURE AND THE IDEAL GAS LAW
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • 15-1 Atomic Theory of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • 15-2 Thermal Equilibrium and the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • 15-3 The Gas Laws and Absolute Temperature
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • 15-4 The Ideal Gas Law
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • 15-5 Problem Solving with the Ideal Gas Law
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 15-6 Ideal Gas Law in Terms of Molecules: Avogadro's Number
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • *15-7 Ideal Gas Temperature Scale—a Standard
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • SUMMARY
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • QUESTIONS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • PROBLEMS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • GENERAL PROBLEMS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • 16 KINETC THEORY OF GASES
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • 16-1 The Ideal Gas Law and the Molecular Interpretation of Temperature
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • 16-2 Distribution of Molecular Speeds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 16-3 Real Gases and Changes of Phase
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • *16-4 Vapor Pressure and Humidity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • *16-5 Van der Waals Equation of State
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • 16-6 Mean Free Path
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • *16-7 Diffusion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • SUMMARY
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • QUESTIONS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • PROBLEMS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • GENERAL PROBLEMS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 17 HEAT AND THE FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • 17-1 Heat as Energy Transfer
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • 17-2 Internal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • 17-3 Specific Heat
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • 17-4 The First Law of Thermodynamics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • 17-5 Applying the First Law of Thermodynamics; Calculating the Work
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • 17-6 Molar Specific Heats for Gases, and the Equipartition of Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • 17-7 Adiabatic Expansion of a Gas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • *17-8 Heat Transfer: Conduction, Convection, Radiation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • SUMMARY
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • QUESTIONS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • PROBLEMS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • GENERAL PROBLEMS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • 18 SECOND LAW OF THERMOD-YNAMICS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • 18-1 The Second Law of Thermodynamics-Introduction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • 18-2 Heat Engines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • 18-3 Reversible and Irreversible Processes; the Carnot Engine
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 18-4 Refrigerators, Air Conditioners, and Heat Pumps
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • 18-5 Entropy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • 18-6 Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • 18-7 Order to Disorder
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • 18-8 Energy Availability; Heat Death
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • *18-9 Statistical Interpretation of Entropy and the Second Law
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • *18-10 Thermodynamic Temperature Scale; Absolute Zero, and the Third Law of Thermodynamics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • SUMMARY
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • QUESTIONS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • PROBLEMS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • GENERAL PROBLEMS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • 19 ELECTRIC CHARGE AND ELECTRIC FIELD
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • 19-1 Static Electricity; Electric Charge and Its Conservation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • 19-2 Electric Charge in the Atom
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • 19-3 Insulators and Conductors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • 19-4 Induced Charge; the Electroscope
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • 19-5 Coulomb's Law
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 19-6 The Electric Field
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • 19-7 Electric Field Calculations for Continuous Charge Distributions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • 19-8 Field Ismes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • 19-9 Electric Fields and Conductors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • 19-10 Motion of a Charged Particle in an Electric Field
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • 19-11 Electric Dipoles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • SUMMARY
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • QUESTIONS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • PROBLEMS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • GENERAL PROBLEMS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • 20 GAUSS'S LAW
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • 20-1 Electric Flux
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • 20-2 Gauss's Law
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • 20-3 Applications of Gauss's Law
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • *20-4 Experimental Basis of Gauss's and Coulomb's Law
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • SUMMARY
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • QUESTIONS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • PROBLEMS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • GENERAL PROBLEMS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • 21 ELECTRIC POTENTIAL
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • 21-1 Electric Potential and Potential Difference
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • 21-2 Relation Between Electric Potential and Electric Field
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • 21-3 Electric Potential Due to Point Charges
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • 21-4 Potential Due to Any Charge Distribution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • 21-5 Equipotential Surfaces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • 21-6 Electricipoles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 21-7 E Determined from V
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • 21-8 Electrostatic Potential Energy; the Electron Volt
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • *21-9 Cathode Ray Tube: TV and Computer Monitors, Oscilloscope
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • SUMMARY
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • QUESTIONS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • PROBLEMS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • GENERAL PROBLEMS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • 22 CAPACITANCE, DIELECTRICS, ELECTRIC ENERGY STORAGE
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • 22-1 Capacitors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 22-2 Determination of Capacitance
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • 22-3 Capacitors in Series and Parallel
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • 22-4 ElectricEnergy Storage
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • 22-5 Dielectrics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • 22-6 Molecular Description of Dielectrics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • SUMMARY
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • QUESTIONS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • PROBLEMS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • GENERAL PROBLEMS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 23 ELECTRIC CURRENTS AND RESISTANCE
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • 23-1 The Electric Battery
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • 23-2 Electric Current
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • 23-3 Ohm's Law: Resistance and Resistors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • 23-4 Resistivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • 23-5 Electric Power
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • 23-6 Alternating Current
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • 23-7 Aliternscople Vjew of Electrie Curtrente Current Density and Drift Velocity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • *23-8 Superconductivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • SUMMARY
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • QUESTIONS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • PROBLEMS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • GENERAL PROBLEMS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • 24 DC CIRCUITS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • 24-1 EMF and Terminal Voltage
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • 24-2 Resistors in Series and in Parallel
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • *24-3 Kirchhoff's Rules
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • *24-4 Circuits Containing Resistor and Capacitor (RC Circuits)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • SUMMARY
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • QUESTIONS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • PROBLEMS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • GENERAL PROBLEMS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • 25 MAGNETISM
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • 25-1 Magnets and Magnetic Fields
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • 25-2 Electric Currents Produce Magnetism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • 25-3 Force on an Electric Current in a Magnetic Field; Definition of B
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 25-4 Force on an Electric Charge Moving in a Magnetic Field
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • 25-5 Torque on a Current Loop: Magnetic Dipole Moment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • *25-6 Applications: Galvanometers, Motors, Loudspeakers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • *25-7 Dicovery and Properties of the Electron
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • 25-8 The Hall Effect
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • *25-9 Mass Spectrometer
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • SUMMARY
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • QUESTIONS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • PROBLEMS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • GENERAL PROBLEMS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • 26 SOURCES OF MAGNETC FELD
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • 26-1 Magnetic Field Due to a Straight Wire
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • 26-2 Force between Two Parallel Wires
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • 26-3 Operational Definitions of the Ampere and the Coulomb
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • 26-4 Ampère's Law
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • 26-5 Magnetic Field of a Solenoid and a Toroid
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • 26-6 Biot-Savart Law
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • *26-7 Magnetic Materials——Ferromagnetism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • 26-8 Electromagnets and Solenoids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • 26-9 Magnetic Fields in Magnetic Materials; Hysteresis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • *26-10 Paramagnetism and Diamagnetism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • SUMMARY
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • QUESTIONS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • PROBLEMS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • GENERAL PROBLEMS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • 27 ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION AND FARADAY'S LAW
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 27-1 Induced EMF
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • 27-2 Faraday's Law of Induction; Lenz's Law
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • 27-3 EMF Induced in a Moving Conductor
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • 27-4 A Changing Magnetic Flux Produces an Electric Field
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • *27-5 Applications of Induction: Sound Systems, Computer Memory, the Seismograph
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • SUMMARY
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • QUESTIONS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • PROBLEMS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • GENERAL PROBLEMS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 28 INDUCTANCE; AND ELECTRO-MAGNETIC OSCILLATIONS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • 28-1 Mutual Inductance
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • 28-2 Self-Inductance
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • 28-3 Energy Stored in a Magnetic Field
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • *28-4 LR Circuits
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • *28-5 LC Circuits and Electromagnetic Oscillations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • *28-6 LC Oscillations with Resistance (LRC Circuit)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • SUMMARY
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • QUESTIONS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • PROBLEMS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • GENERAL PROBLEMS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • 29 MAXWELL'S EQUATIONS AND ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • 29-1 Changing Electric Fields Produce Magnetic Fields; Ampère's Law and Displacement Current
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • 29-2 Gauss's Law for Magnetism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • 29-3 Maxwell's Equations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • 29-4 Production of Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • 29-5 Electromagnetic Waves, and Their Speed, from Maxwell's Equations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 29-6 Light as an Electromagnetic Wave a the Electromagnetic Spectrum
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • *29-7 Energy in EM Waves; the Poynting Vector
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • *29-8 Radiation Pressure
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • SUMMARY
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • QUESTIONS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • PROBLEMS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • GENERAL PROBLEMS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • 30 THE WAVE NATURE OF LIGHT; INTERFERENCE
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • 30-1 Huygens' Principle and Diffraction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 30-2 Huygens' Principle and the Law of Refraction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • 30-3 Interfmrence—Young's Double-Slit Experiment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • 30-4 Coherence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • 30-5 Intensity in the Double-Slit Interference Pattern
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • 30-6 Interference in Thin Films
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • 30-7 Michelson Interferometer
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • *30-8 Luminous Intensity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • SUMMARY
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • QUESTIONS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • PROBLEMS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • GENERAL PROBLEMS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • 31 DIFFRACTION AND POLARIZATION
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • 31-1 Diffraction by a Single Slit
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • 31-2 Intensity in Single-Slit Diffraction Pattern
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • 31-3 Diffraction in the Double-Slit Experiment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • 31-4 Limits of Resolution; Circular Apertures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • 31-5 Resolution of Telescopes and Microscopes; the A Limit
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • *31-6 Ronplution of the Human Eye anà'Useful Magnification
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • 31-7 Diffraction Grating
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • *31-8 The Spectrometer and Spectroscopy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • 31-9 Peak Widths ạnd Resolving Power for a Diffraction Grating
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • 31-10 X-Rays and X-Ray Diffraction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • 31-11 Polarization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • *31-12 Scattering of Light by the Atmosphere
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • SUMMARY
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • QUESTIONS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • PROBLEMS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • GENERAL PROBLEMS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • 32 SPECIAL THEORY OF RELATIVITY
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • 32-1 Galilean-Newtonian Relativity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • *32-2 The Michelson-Morley Experiment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • 32-3 Postulates of the Special Theory of Relativity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • 32-4 Simultaneity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • 32-5 Time Dilation and the Twin Paradox
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 32-6 Length Contraction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • 32-7 Four-Dimensional Space-Time
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • 32-8 Galilean and Lorentz Transformations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • 32-9 Relativistic Momentum and Mass
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • 32-10 The Ultimate Speed
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • 32-11 Energy and Mass; E=mc2
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • *32-12 Doppler Shift for Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • 32-13 The Impact of Special Relativity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • SUMMARY
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • QUESTIONS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • PROBLEMS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • GENERAL PROBLEMS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • 33 EARLY QUANTUM THEORY AND MODELS OF THE ATOM
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • 33-1 Planck's Quantum Hypothesis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • 33-2 Photon Theory of Light and the Photoelectric Effect
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • 33-3 Photons and the Compton Effect
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • 33-4 Photon Interactions; Pair Production
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 33-5 Wave-Particle Duality; the Principle of Complementarity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • 33-6 Wave Nature of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • *33-7 Electron Microscopes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • 33-8 Early Models of the Atom
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • 33-9 Atomic Spectra: Key to the Structure of the Atom
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • 33-10 The Bohr Model
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • 33-11 de Broglie's Hypothesis Applied to Atoms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • SUMMARY
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • OUESTIONS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • PROBLEMS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • GENERAL PROBLEMS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • 34 QUANTUM MECHANICS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • 34-1 Quantum Mechanics—A New Theory
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • 34-2 The Wave Function and Its Interpretation; the Double-Slit Experiment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • 34-3 The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • 34-4 Philosophic Implications; Probability Versus Determinism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • 34-5 The Schrödinger Equation in One Dimension-Time-Índependent Form
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 34-6 Time-Dependent Schrödinger Equation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • 34-7 Free Particles; Plane Waves and Wave Packets
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • 34-8 Particle in an Infinitely Deep Square Well Potential (a Rigid Box)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • 34-9 Finite Potential Well
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • 34-10 Tunneling through a Barrier
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • SUMMARY
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • QUESTIONS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • PROBLEMS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • GENERAL PROBLEMS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 35 QUANTUM MECHANICS OF ATOMS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • 35-1 Quantum-Mechanical View of Atoms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • 35-2 Hydrogen Atom: Schrödinger Equation and Quantum Numbers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • 35-3 Hydrogen Atom Wave Functions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • 35-4 Complex Atoms; the Exclusion Principle
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • 35-5 The Periodic Table of Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • 35-6 X-Ray Spectra and Atomic Number
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • 35-7 Magnetic Dipole Moments: Total Angular Momentum
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • *35-8 Fluorescence and Phosphorescence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • *35-9 Lasers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • *35-10 Holography
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • SUMMARY
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • QUESTIONS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • PROBLEMS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • GENERAL PROBLEMS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • 36 MOLECULES AND SOUDS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • 36-1 Bonding in Molecules
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 36-2 Potential-Energy Diagrams for Molecules
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • 36-3 Weak (van der Waals) Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • 36-4 Molecular Spectra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • 36-5 Bonding in Solids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • 36-6 Free-Electron Theory of Metals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • 36-7 Band Theory of Solids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • 36-8 Semiconductors and Doping
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • *36-9 Semiconductor Diodes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • *36-10 Transistors and Integrated Circuits
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • SUMMARY
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • QUESTIONS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • PROBLEMS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • GENERAL PROBLEMS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • *37 RADIOACTIVIY NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • 37-1 Structure and Properties of the Nucleus
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • 37-2 Binding Energy and Nuclear Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • 37-3 Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 37-4 Alpha Decay
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • 37-5 Beta Decay
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • 37-6 Gamma Decay
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • 37-7 fonservation of Nucleon Number and Other Conservation Laws
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • 37-8 Half-Life and Rate of Decay
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • 37-9 Decay Series
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • 37-10 Radioactive Dating
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • 37-11 Detection of Radiation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • SUMMARY
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • QUESTIONS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • PROBLEMS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • *38 NUCLEAR ENERGY
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • 38-1 Nuclear Reactions and the Transmutation of Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • 38-2 Cross Section
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • 38-3 Nuclear Fission; Nuclear Reactors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • 38-4 Fusion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • SUMMARY
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • QUESTIONS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • PROBLEMS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • *39 ELEMENTARY PARTICLES
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • 39-1 High-Energy Particles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • 39-2 Particle Accelerators and Detectors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • 39-3 Beginnings of Elementary Particle Physics-Particle Exchange
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • 39-4 Particles and Antiparticles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • 39-5 Particle Interactions and Conservation Laws
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • 39-6 Particle Classification
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 39-7 Particle Stability and Resonances
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • 39-8 Strange Particles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • 39-9 Quarks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • 39-10 The "Standard Model”: Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) and the Electroweak Theory
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • 39-11 Grand Unified Theories
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • QUESTIONS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • *40 ASTROPHYSICS AND COSMOLOGY
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • 40-1 Stars and Galaxies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • 40-2 Stellar Evolution; the Birth and Death of Stars
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 40-3 General Relativity: Gravity and the Curvature of Space
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • 40-4 The Expanding Universe
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • 40-5 The Big Bang and the Cosmic Microwave Background
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • 40-6 The Standard Cosmological Model: The Early History of the Universe
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • 40-7 The Future of the Universe?
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • QUESTIONS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • APPENDICES
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • A MATHEMATICAL FORMULAS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • A-1 Quadratic Formula
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • A-2 Binomial Expansion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • A-3 Other Expansions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • A-4 Areas and Volumes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • A-5 Plane Geometry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • A-6 Trigonometric Functions and Identities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • A-7 Logarithms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • A-8 Vectors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • B DERIVATIVES AND INTEGRALS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • B-1 Derivatives: General Rules
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • B-2 Derivatives: Particular Functions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • B-3 Indefinite Integrals: General Rules
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • B-4 Indefinite Integrals: Particular Functions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • B-5 A few Definite Integrals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • C GRAVITATIONAL FORCE DUE TO A SPHERICAL MASs DISTRIBUTION
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • ANSWERS TO PARTS OF PROBLEMS