本书根据D.C. Giancoli编著的Physics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern Physics (Third Edition)改编。
本书的原版书图片精美，素材实例丰富，语言平实流畅，注重物理理论与现实生活的结合及物理在工程技术中的应用，特别是书中向读者展示物理世界的方法非常值得称道，注重启发学生思考，激发学生自主学习的热情。可以说，这是一本非常优秀的国外大学物理教材。对原版书的改编，力求保持原作的风格和体系，参照教育部非物理类专业物理基础课程教学指导分委员会2004年制订的《大学物理课程教学基本要求（讨论稿）》，删掉部分与中学物理重复的内容。对于原版书中一些不属于国内课堂讲授的内容，作为拓展阅读资料保留。
本书可作为高等院校理工科非物理专业大学物理课程的双语教材，也可供社会读者阅读参考。
- 前辅文
- 1 INTRODUCTION, MEASUREMENT, ESTIMATING
- 1-1 The Nature of Science
- 1-2 Models, Theories, and Laws
- 1-3 Measurement and Uncertainty
- 1-4 Units, Standards, and the SI System
- 1-5 Converting Units
- 1-6 Order of Magnitude: Rapid Estimating
- 1-7 Dimensions and Dimensional Analysis
- SUMMARY
- QUESTIONS
- PROBLEMS
- GENERAL PROBLEMS
- 2 DESCRIBING MOTION: KINEMATICS IN ONE DIMENSION
- 2-1 Reference Frames and Displacement
- 2-2 Average Velocity
- 2-3 Instantaneous Velocity
- 2-4 Acceleration
- 2-5 Motion at Constant Acceleration
- 2-6 Solving Problems
- 2-7 Falling Objects
- 2-8 Use of Calculus
- SUMMARY
- QUESTIONS
- PROBLEMS
- GENERAL PROBLEMS
- 3 KINEMATICS IN TWO DIMENSIONS
- 3-1 Vectors and Scalars
- 3-2 Addition of Vectors—Graphical Methods
- 3-3 Subtraction of Vectors, and Multiplication of a Vector by a Scalar
- 3-4 Adding Vectors by Components
- 3-5 Unit Vectors
- 3-6 Vector Kinematics
- 3-7 Projectile Motion
- 3-8 Solving Problems involving Projectile Motion
- 3-9 Uniform Circular Motion
- 3-10 Relative Velocity
- SUMMARY
- QUESTIONS
- PROBLEMS
- GENERAL PROBLEMS
- 4 DYNAMICS: NEWTON'S LAWS OF MOTION
- 4-1 Force
- 4-2 Newton's First Law of Motion
- 4-3 Mass
- 4-4 Newton's Second Law of Motion
- 4-5 Newton's Third Law of Motion
- 4-6 Weight——the Force of Gravity
- 4-7 Solving Problems with Newton's Laws: Free-Body Diagrams
- 4-8 Problem Solving——A General Appranch
- SUMMARY
- QUESTIONS
- PROBLEMS
- GENERAL PROBLEMS
- 5 FURTHER APPLICATIONS OF NEWTON's LAWS
- 5-1 Applications of Newton's Laws Involving Friction
- 5-2 Dynamics of Uniform Circular Motion
- 5-3 Highway Curves, Banked and Unbanked
- 5-4 Nonuniform Circular Motion
- 5-5 Velocity-Dependent Forces
- SUMMARY
- QUESTIONS
- PROBLEMS
- GENERAL PROBLEMS
- *6 GRAVITATION AND NEWTON'S SYNTHESIS
- 6-1 Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation
- 6-2 Satellites and "Weightlessness”
- 6-3 Kepler's Laws and Newton's Synthesis
- 6-4 Gravitational Field
- 6-5 Types of Forces in Nature
- 6-6 Gravitational Versus Inertial Mass
- 6-7 Gravitation as Curvature of Space
- QUESTIONS
- 7 WORK AND ENERGY
- 7-1 Work Done by a Constant Force
- 7-2 Scalar Product of Two Vectors
- 7-3 Work Done by a Varying Force
- 7-4 Kinetic Energy and the Work-Energy Principle
- *7-5 Kinetic Energy at Very High Speed
- SUMMARY
- QUESTIONS
- PROBLEMS
- GENERAL PROBLEMS
- 8 CONSERVATION OF ENERGY
- 8-1 Conservative and Nonconservative Forces
- 8-2 Potential Energy
- 8-3 Mechanical Energy and Its Conservation
- 8-4 Problem Solving Using Conservation of Mechanical Energy
- 8-5 The Law of Conservation of Energy
- 8-6 Energy Conservation with Dissipative Forces: Solving Problems
- 8-7 Gravitational Potential Energy and Escape Velocity
- 8-8 Power
- 8-9 Potengyl Energy Diagrams
- SUMMARY
- QUESTIONS
- PROBLEMS
- GENERAL PROBLEMS
- 9 LINEAR MOMENTUM AND COLLISIONS
- 9-1 Momentum and Its Relation to Force
- 9-2 Conservation of Momentum
- 9-3 Collisions and Impulse
- 9-4 Conservation of Energy and Momentum in Collisions
- 9-5 Elastic Collisions in One Dimension
- 9-6 Inelastic Collisions
- 9-7 Collisions in Two or Three Dimensions
- 9-8 Center of Mass (CM)
- 9-9 Center of Mass and Translational Motion
- *9-10 Systems of Variable Mass
- SUMMARY
- QUESTIONS
- PROBLEMS
- GENERAL PROBLEMS
- 10 ROTATIONAL MOTION ABOUT A FIXED AXIS
- 10-1 Angular Quantities
- 10-2 Kinematic Equations for Uniformly Accelerated Rotational Motion
- 10-3 Rolling Motion (without slipping)
- 10-4 Vector Nature of Angular Quantities
- 10-5 Torque
- 10-6 Rotational Dynamics
- 10-7 Solving Problems in Rotational Dynamics
- 10-8 Determining Moments of Inertia
- 10-9 Angular Momentum and Its Conservation
- 10-10 Rotational Kinetic Energy
- 10-11 Rotational Plus Translational Motion
- *10-12 Why Does a Rolling Sphere Slow Down?
- SUMMARY
- QUESTIONS
- PROBLEMS
- GENERAL PROBLEMS
- 11 GENERAL ROTATION
- 11-1 Vector Cross Product
- 11-2 The Torque Vector
- 11-3 Angular Momentum of a Particle
- 11-4 Angular Momentum and Torque for a System of Particles
- 11-5 Angular Momentum and Torque
- *11-6 Rotational Imbalance for a Rigid Body
- 11-7 Conservation of Angular Momentun
- *11-8 The Spinning Top
- 11-9 Rotating Frames of Reference
- *11-10 The Coriolis Effect
- SUMMARY
- QUESTIONS
- PROBLEMS
- GENERAL PROBLEMS
- 12 OSCILLATIONS
- 12-1 Oscillations of a Spring
- 12-2 Simple Harmonic Motion
- 12-3 Energy in the Simple Harmonic Oscillator
- 12-4 Simple Harmonic Motion Related to Uniform Circular Motion
- 12-5 The Simple Pendulum
- 12-6 The Physical Pendulum and the Torsion Pendulum
- 12-7 Damped Harmonic Motion
- 12-8 Forced Vibrations
- SUMMARY
- QUESTIONS
- PROBLEMS
- GENERAL PROBLEMS
- 13 WAVE MOTION
- 13-1 Characteristics of Wave Motion
- 13-2 Wave Types
- 13-3 Energy Transported by Waves
- 13-4 Mathematical Representation of a Traveling Wave
- *13-5 The Wave Equation
- 13-6 The Principle of Superposition
- 13-7 Reflection and Transmission
- 13-8 Interference
- 13-9 Standig, Waves
- *13-10 Refraction
- 13-11 Diffraction
- SUMMARY
- QUESTIONS
- PROBLEMS
- GENERAL PROBLEMS
- 14 SOUND
- 14-1 Characteristics of Sound
- *14-2 Intensity of Sound
- 14-3 Interference of Sound Waves
- 14-4 DoppleiEffect
- *14-5 Shock Waves and the Sonic Boom
- *14-6 Applications
- SUMMARY
- QUESTIONS
- PROBLEMS
- GENERAL PROBLEMS
- 15 TEMPERATURE AND THE IDEAL GAS LAW
- 15-1 Atomic Theory of Matter
- 15-2 Thermal Equilibrium and the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics
- 15-3 The Gas Laws and Absolute Temperature
- 15-4 The Ideal Gas Law
- 15-5 Problem Solving with the Ideal Gas Law
- 15-6 Ideal Gas Law in Terms of Molecules: Avogadro's Number
- *15-7 Ideal Gas Temperature Scale—a Standard
- SUMMARY
- QUESTIONS
- PROBLEMS
- GENERAL PROBLEMS
- 16 KINETC THEORY OF GASES
- 16-1 The Ideal Gas Law and the Molecular Interpretation of Temperature
- 16-2 Distribution of Molecular Speeds
- 16-3 Real Gases and Changes of Phase
- *16-4 Vapor Pressure and Humidity
- *16-5 Van der Waals Equation of State
- 16-6 Mean Free Path
- *16-7 Diffusion
- SUMMARY
- QUESTIONS
- PROBLEMS
- GENERAL PROBLEMS
- 17 HEAT AND THE FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS
- 17-1 Heat as Energy Transfer
- 17-2 Internal Energy
- 17-3 Specific Heat
- 17-4 The First Law of Thermodynamics
- 17-5 Applying the First Law of Thermodynamics
- 17-6 Molar Specific Heats for Gases, and the Equipartition of Energy
- 17-7 Adiabatic Expansion of a Gas
- *17-8 Heat Transfer: Conduction, Convection, Radiation
- SUMMARY
- QUESTIONS
- PROBLEMS
- GENERAL PROBLEMS
- 18 SECOND LAW OF THERMOD-YNAMICS
- 18-1 The Second Law of Thermodynamics-Introduction
- 18-2 Heat Engines
- 18-3 Reversible and Irreversible Processes
- 18-4 Refrigerators, Air Conditioners, and Heat Pumps
- 18-5 Entropy
- 18-6 Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics
- 18-7 Order to Disorder
- 18-8 Energy Availability
- *18-9 Statistical Interpretation of Entropy and the Second Law
- *18-10 Thermodynamic Temperature Scale
- SUMMARY
- QUESTIONS
- PROBLEMS
- GENERAL PROBLEMS
- 19 ELECTRIC CHARGE AND ELECTRIC FIELD
- 19-1 Static Electricity
- 19-2 Electric Charge in the Atom
- 19-3 Insulators and Conductors
- 19-4 Induced Charge
- 19-5 Coulomb's Law
- 19-6 The Electric Field
- 19-7 Electric Field Calculations for Continuous Charge Distributions
- 19-8 Field Ismes
- 19-9 Electric Fields and Conductors
- 19-10 Motion of a Charged Particle in an Electric Field
- 19-11 Electric Dipoles
- SUMMARY
- QUESTIONS
- PROBLEMS
- GENERAL PROBLEMS
- 20 GAUSS'S LAW
- 20-1 Electric Flux
- 20-2 Gauss's Law
- 20-3 Applications of Gauss's Law
- *20-4 Experimental Basis of Gauss's and Coulomb's Law
- SUMMARY
- QUESTIONS
- PROBLEMS
- GENERAL PROBLEMS
- 21 ELECTRIC POTENTIAL
- 21-1 Electric Potential and Potential Difference
- 21-2 Relation Between Electric Potential and Electric Field
- 21-3 Electric Potential Due to Point Charges
- 21-4 Potential Due to Any Charge Distribution
- 21-5 Equipotential Surfaces
- 21-6 Electricipoles
- 21-7 E Determined from V
- 21-8 Electrostatic Potential Energy
- *21-9 Cathode Ray Tube: TV and Computer Monitors, Oscilloscope
- SUMMARY
- QUESTIONS
- PROBLEMS
- GENERAL PROBLEMS
- 22 CAPACITANCE, DIELECTRICS, ELECTRIC ENERGY STORAGE
- 22-1 Capacitors
- 22-2 Determination of Capacitance
- 22-3 Capacitors in Series and Parallel
- 22-4 ElectricEnergy Storage
- 22-5 Dielectrics
- 22-6 Molecular Description of Dielectrics
- SUMMARY
- QUESTIONS
- PROBLEMS
- GENERAL PROBLEMS
- 23 ELECTRIC CURRENTS AND RESISTANCE
- 23-1 The Electric Battery
- 23-2 Electric Current
- 23-3 Ohm's Law: Resistance and Resistors
- 23-4 Resistivity
- 23-5 Electric Power
- 23-6 Alternating Current
- 23-7 Aliternscople Vjew of Electrie Curtrente Current Density and Drift Velocity
- *23-8 Superconductivity
- SUMMARY
- QUESTIONS
- PROBLEMS
- GENERAL PROBLEMS
- 24 DC CIRCUITS
- 24-1 EMF and Terminal Voltage
- 24-2 Resistors in Series and in Parallel
- *24-3 Kirchhoff's Rules
- *24-4 Circuits Containing Resistor and Capacitor (RC Circuits)
- SUMMARY
- QUESTIONS
- PROBLEMS
- GENERAL PROBLEMS
- 25 MAGNETISM
- 25-1 Magnets and Magnetic Fields
- 25-2 Electric Currents Produce Magnetism
- 25-3 Force on an Electric Current in a Magnetic Field
- 25-4 Force on an Electric Charge Moving in a Magnetic Field
- 25-5 Torque on a Current Loop: Magnetic Dipole Moment
- *25-6 Applications: Galvanometers, Motors, Loudspeakers
- *25-7 Dicovery and Properties of the Electron
- 25-8 The Hall Effect
- *25-9 Mass Spectrometer
- SUMMARY
- QUESTIONS
- PROBLEMS
- GENERAL PROBLEMS
- 26 SOURCES OF MAGNETC FELD
- 26-1 Magnetic Field Due to a Straight Wire
- 26-2 Force between Two Parallel Wires
- 26-3 Operational Definitions of the Ampere and the Coulomb
- 26-4 Ampère's Law
- 26-5 Magnetic Field of a Solenoid and a Toroid
- 26-6 Biot-Savart Law
- *26-7 Magnetic Materials——Ferromagnetism
- 26-8 Electromagnets and Solenoids
- 26-9 Magnetic Fields in Magnetic Materials
- *26-10 Paramagnetism and Diamagnetism
- SUMMARY
- QUESTIONS
- PROBLEMS
- GENERAL PROBLEMS
- 27 ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION AND FARADAY'S LAW
- 27-1 Induced EMF
- 27-2 Faraday's Law of Induction
- 27-3 EMF Induced in a Moving Conductor
- 27-4 A Changing Magnetic Flux Produces an Electric Field
- *27-5 Applications of Induction: Sound Systems, Computer Memory, the Seismograph
- SUMMARY
- QUESTIONS
- PROBLEMS
- GENERAL PROBLEMS
- 28 INDUCTANCE
- 28-1 Mutual Inductance
- 28-2 Self-Inductance
- 28-3 Energy Stored in a Magnetic Field
- *28-4 LR Circuits
- *28-5 LC Circuits and Electromagnetic Oscillations
- *28-6 LC Oscillations with Resistance (LRC Circuit)
- SUMMARY
- QUESTIONS
- PROBLEMS
- GENERAL PROBLEMS
- 29 MAXWELL'S EQUATIONS AND ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES
- 29-1 Changing Electric Fields Produce Magnetic Fields
- 29-2 Gauss's Law for Magnetism
- 29-3 Maxwell's Equations
- 29-4 Production of Electromagnetic Waves
- 29-5 Electromagnetic Waves, and Their Speed, from Maxwell's Equations
- 29-6 Light as an Electromagnetic Wave a the Electromagnetic Spectrum
- *29-7 Energy in EM Waves
- *29-8 Radiation Pressure
- SUMMARY
- QUESTIONS
- PROBLEMS
- GENERAL PROBLEMS
- 30 THE WAVE NATURE OF LIGHT
- 30-1 Huygens' Principle and Diffraction
- 30-2 Huygens' Principle and the Law of Refraction
- 30-3 Interfmrence—Young's Double-Slit Experiment
- 30-4 Coherence
- 30-5 Intensity in the Double-Slit Interference Pattern
- 30-6 Interference in Thin Films
- 30-7 Michelson Interferometer
- *30-8 Luminous Intensity
- SUMMARY
- QUESTIONS
- PROBLEMS
- GENERAL PROBLEMS
- 31 DIFFRACTION AND POLARIZATION
- 31-1 Diffraction by a Single Slit
- 31-2 Intensity in Single-Slit Diffraction Pattern
- 31-3 Diffraction in the Double-Slit Experiment
- 31-4 Limits of Resolution
- 31-5 Resolution of Telescopes and Microscopes
- *31-6 Ronplution of the Human Eye anà'Useful Magnification
- 31-7 Diffraction Grating
- *31-8 The Spectrometer and Spectroscopy
- 31-9 Peak Widths ạnd Resolving Power for a Diffraction Grating
- 31-10 X-Rays and X-Ray Diffraction
- 31-11 Polarization
- *31-12 Scattering of Light by the Atmosphere
- SUMMARY
- QUESTIONS
- PROBLEMS
- GENERAL PROBLEMS
- 32 SPECIAL THEORY OF RELATIVITY
- 32-1 Galilean-Newtonian Relativity
- *32-2 The Michelson-Morley Experiment
- 32-3 Postulates of the Special Theory of Relativity
- 32-4 Simultaneity
- 32-5 Time Dilation and the Twin Paradox
- 32-6 Length Contraction
- 32-7 Four-Dimensional Space-Time
- 32-8 Galilean and Lorentz Transformations
- 32-9 Relativistic Momentum and Mass
- 32-10 The Ultimate Speed
- 32-11 Energy and Mass
- *32-12 Doppler Shift for Light
- 32-13 The Impact of Special Relativity
- SUMMARY
- QUESTIONS
- PROBLEMS
- GENERAL PROBLEMS
- 33 EARLY QUANTUM THEORY AND MODELS OF THE ATOM
- 33-1 Planck's Quantum Hypothesis
- 33-2 Photon Theory of Light and the Photoelectric Effect
- 33-3 Photons and the Compton Effect
- 33-4 Photon Interactions
- 33-5 Wave-Particle Duality
- 33-6 Wave Nature of Matter
- *33-7 Electron Microscopes
- 33-8 Early Models of the Atom
- 33-9 Atomic Spectra: Key to the Structure of the Atom
- 33-10 The Bohr Model
- 33-11 de Broglie's Hypothesis Applied to Atoms
- SUMMARY
- OUESTIONS
- PROBLEMS
- GENERAL PROBLEMS
- 34 QUANTUM MECHANICS
- 34-1 Quantum Mechanics—A New Theory
- 34-2 The Wave Function and Its Interpretation
- 34-3 The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle
- 34-4 Philosophic Implications
- 34-5 The Schrödinger Equation in One Dimension-Time-Índependent Form
- 34-6 Time-Dependent Schrödinger Equation
- 34-7 Free Particles
- 34-8 Particle in an Infinitely Deep Square Well Potential (a Rigid Box)
- 34-9 Finite Potential Well
- 34-10 Tunneling through a Barrier
- SUMMARY
- QUESTIONS
- PROBLEMS
- GENERAL PROBLEMS
- 35 QUANTUM MECHANICS OF ATOMS
- 35-1 Quantum-Mechanical View of Atoms
- 35-2 Hydrogen Atom: Schrödinger Equation and Quantum Numbers
- 35-3 Hydrogen Atom Wave Functions
- 35-4 Complex Atoms
- 35-5 The Periodic Table of Elements
- 35-6 X-Ray Spectra and Atomic Number
- 35-7 Magnetic Dipole Moments: Total Angular Momentum
- *35-8 Fluorescence and Phosphorescence
- *35-9 Lasers
- *35-10 Holography
- SUMMARY
- QUESTIONS
- PROBLEMS
- GENERAL PROBLEMS
- 36 MOLECULES AND SOUDS
- 36-1 Bonding in Molecules
- 36-2 Potential-Energy Diagrams for Molecules
- 36-3 Weak (van der Waals) Bonds
- 36-4 Molecular Spectra
- 36-5 Bonding in Solids
- 36-6 Free-Electron Theory of Metals
- 36-7 Band Theory of Solids
- 36-8 Semiconductors and Doping
- *36-9 Semiconductor Diodes
- *36-10 Transistors and Integrated Circuits
- SUMMARY
- QUESTIONS
- PROBLEMS
- GENERAL PROBLEMS
- *37 RADIOACTIVIY NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND
- 37-1 Structure and Properties of the Nucleus
- 37-2 Binding Energy and Nuclear Forces
- 37-3 Radioactivity
- 37-4 Alpha Decay
- 37-5 Beta Decay
- 37-6 Gamma Decay
- 37-7 fonservation of Nucleon Number and Other Conservation Laws
- 37-8 Half-Life and Rate of Decay
- 37-9 Decay Series
- 37-10 Radioactive Dating
- 37-11 Detection of Radiation
- SUMMARY
- QUESTIONS
- PROBLEMS
- *38 NUCLEAR ENERGY
- 38-1 Nuclear Reactions and the Transmutation of Elements
- 38-2 Cross Section
- 38-3 Nuclear Fission
- 38-4 Fusion
- SUMMARY
- QUESTIONS
- PROBLEMS
- *39 ELEMENTARY PARTICLES
- 39-1 High-Energy Particles
- 39-2 Particle Accelerators and Detectors
- 39-3 Beginnings of Elementary Particle Physics-Particle Exchange
- 39-4 Particles and Antiparticles
- 39-5 Particle Interactions and Conservation Laws
- 39-6 Particle Classification
- 39-7 Particle Stability and Resonances
- 39-8 Strange Particles
- 39-9 Quarks
- 39-10 The "Standard Model”: Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) and the Electroweak Theory
- 39-11 Grand Unified Theories
- QUESTIONS
- *40 ASTROPHYSICS AND COSMOLOGY
- 40-1 Stars and Galaxies
- 40-2 Stellar Evolution
- 40-3 General Relativity: Gravity and the Curvature of Space
- 40-4 The Expanding Universe
- 40-5 The Big Bang and the Cosmic Microwave Background
- 40-6 The Standard Cosmological Model: The Early History of the Universe
- 40-7 The Future of the Universe?
- QUESTIONS
- APPENDICES
- A MATHEMATICAL FORMULAS
- A-1 Quadratic Formula
- A-2 Binomial Expansion
- A-3 Other Expansions
- A-4 Areas and Volumes
- A-5 Plane Geometry
- A-6 Trigonometric Functions and Identities
- A-7 Logarithms
- A-8 Vectors
- B DERIVATIVES AND INTEGRALS
- B-1 Derivatives: General Rules
- B-2 Derivatives: Particular Functions
- B-3 Indefinite Integrals: General Rules
- B-4 Indefinite Integrals: Particular Functions
- B-5 A few Definite Integrals
- C GRAVITATIONAL FORCE DUE TO A SPHERICAL MASs DISTRIBUTION
- ANSWERS TO PARTS OF PROBLEMS
