Fault-Zone Guided Wave, Ground Motion, Landslide and Earthquake Forecast
References
Chapter 1 Fault-Zone Trapped Waves Generated by Aftershocks and Explosions to Characterize the Subsurface Rupture Zone of the 2014 Mw6.0 South Napa Earthquake, California
1.1 Introduction
1.2 The 1667em Aftershock 1667em Data 1667em and 1667em Waveform 1667em Analyses
1.2.1 Seismograms Recorded at the Full-Length Array A
1.2.2 Seismograms Recorded within and out of the Rupture Zone
1.2.3 FZTWs Observed within the Central Rupture Zone
1.2.4 Post-S Coda Durations of FZTWs Increasing with Focal Depth
1.2.5 Post-S Coda Durations of FZTWs Increasing with Epicentral Distance
1.2.6 FZTWs Observed at Three Cross-Fault Arrays
1.2.7 FZTWs Observed at Cross-Fault Arrays and Along-Fault Stations
1.3 Subsurface Damage Structure Inferred from FZTWs
1.4 3-D Finite-Difference Simulations of FZTWs Generated by Aftershocks
1.5 FZTWs Generated by Explosions
1.5.1 The Explosion Data and FZTW Waveform Analysis
1.5.2 3-D Finite-Difference Simulations of FZTWs Generated by Explosions
1.6 Discussion and Conclusion
Acknowledgements
References
Chapter 2 The Calico Fault Compliant Zone at Depth Viewed by Fault-Zone Trapped Waves from Teleseismic Earthquakes
2.1 Introduction
2.2 The Data and Waveform Analyses
2.2.1 Teleseismic Earthquakes in the Southwest Direction from the Array Site
2.2.2 Teleseismic Earthquakes in the West Direction from the Array Site
2.2.3 Teleseismic Earthquakes in the Southeast Direction from the Array Site
2.3 Simulations of FZTWs for Teleseismic Earthquakes
2.4 Discussion
Acknowledgements
References
Chapter 3 Towards Real-Time Earthquake Ground-Motion Estimation Based on Full-3D Earth Structure Models
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Methodology
3.2.1 Single-Station Approach
3.2.2 Network-Based Approach
3.2.3 EEW Based on F3DWI
3.2.3.1 Numerical waver-equation solver
3.2.3.2 Receiver Green's tensor (RGT) and reciprocity
3.2.3.3 General concept
3.3 Source Inversion
3.3.1 CMT Inversion
3.3.2 FMT Inversion
3.4 F3DT for EEW
3.4.1 Crustal Structure
3.4.2 Geotechnical Layer
3.5 Summary and Discussion
References
Chapter 4 Comparisons of ETAS Models on Global Tectonic Zones with Computing Implementation
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Seismic Data and Tectonic Zones with Computation Aspects
4.3 Models
4.4 Methods
4.4.1 Algorithm to Implement Model (A)
4.4.2 Algorithm to Implement Model (B)
4.5 Results with a Discussion on Computation Implementation
4.6 Conclusion
Acknowledgements
References
Chapter 5 Distribution of Earthquake-Triggered Landslides across Landscapes: Towards Understanding Erosional Agency and Cascading Hazards
5.1 Introduction
5.1.1 Earthquake-Triggered Landslides as Hazards and Erosional Agents
5.1.2 Landslides Triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake
5.2 Settings
5.2.1 Topography, Hydrology and Climate
5.2.2 Geology and Tectonics
5.3 Materials and Methodology
5.4 Distribution of Wenchuan Earthquake-Triggered Landslides across the Longmen Shan
5.4.1 Variations of Landslide Pattern Perpendicular to the Fault Trend
5.4.2 Variations of Landslide Pattern along the Fault Trend
5.4.3 Distribution of Landslides with Respect to Topographic Metrics and Lithology
5.4.4 Landslide Locations Relative to the Fluvial Network
5.5 Seismic Controls on the Pattern of the Wenchuan Earthquake-Triggered Landslides
5.5.1 PGA versus Landslide Areal Density
5.5.2 Modeling of Landslide Pattern using a Simplified Seismic Wave Attenuation Equation
5.5.3 Landslide ``Clustering'' as Signatures of a Seismic Trigger
5.5.4 Landslide Preferred Aspect Variation and Relevance to Fault Slip Type
5.6 Conclusions, Implications and Future Directions
Acknowledgements
References
Chapter 6 A Review on Numerical Models for Coal and \hspace*{27.2mm Gas Outbursts
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Mechanisms of Outbursts and Influencing Factors
6.2.1 Mechanisms of Outbursts
6.2.1.1 Early theories in which gas plays the dominant role
6.2.1.2 The concept in which stress plays a dominant role
6.2.1.3 Modern ideas based on multi-factor mechanism
6.2.1.4 Thermodynamic and other mechanisms
6.2.2 Factors Influencing Outbursts
6.2.3 The Ingredients Should Be Included in a Reliable Outburst Model
