- 前辅文
- Chapter 1 Clinic Anesthesiology
- 1.1 Introduction
- 1.2 Preanesthetic evaluation and preparation
- 1.3 Regional block anesthesia
- 1.4 Intrathecal anesthesia
- 1.5 General anesthesia
- 1.6 Monitoring and managements during anesthesia
- Chapter 2 Pain Treatment
- 2.1 Introduction
- 2.2 The concept,classification and assessment of pain
- 2.3 The bodys responses to pain
- 2.4 The common methods of pain treatment
- Chapter 3 Increased Intracranial Pressure
- 3.1 Introduction
- 3.2 Formation and normal value of intracranial pressure
- 3.3 Regulation and compensation of ICP
- 3.4 Causes of increased intracranial pressure
- 3.5 Pathophysiology of intracranial pressure
- 3.6 Category of increased intracranial pressure
- 3.7 Diseases causing increased intracranial pressure
- 3.8 Clinical manifestations
- 3.9 Diagnosis
- 3.10 Therapeutic principles
- 3.11 Acute cerebral hernia
- Chapter 4 Craniocerebral Injury
- 4.1 Introduction
- 4.2 Epidemiology
- 4.3 The physical mechanisms of brain injury
- 4.4 Classification
- 4.5 Primary injuries
- 4.6 Early evaluation and management
- Chapter 5 Congenital Malformation of the Brain and Spinal Cord
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.2 Hydrocephalus
- 5.3 Spinal dysraphism (spina bifida)
- Chapter 6 Intracranial and Intraspinal Tumors
- 6.1 Introduction
- 6.2 Intraspinal tumors
- 6.3 Intracranial tumors
- Chapter 7 Intracranial and Spinal Vascular Diseases
- 7.1 Introduction
- 7.2 Subarachnoid hemorrhage
- 7.3 Intracranial aneurysms
- 7.4 Intracranial and spinal vascular malformations
- 7.5 Moyamoya disease
- 7.6 Carotid cavernous fistulas
- 7.7 Surgical treatment of ischemia stroke
- Chapter 8 Oralfacial Disease
- 8.1 Introduction
- 8.2 Embryology of the lip and palate
- Chapter 9 Diseases of the Neck
- 9.1 Introduction
- 9.2 Thyroid diseases
- 9.3 Hyperparathyroidism
- 9.4 Tuberculous cervical lymphadenitis
- 9.5 Masses in the neck
- Chapter 10 Diseases of the Breast
- 10.1 Introduction
- 10.2 Anatomy and physiology of the breast
- 10.3 Breast examination
- 10.4 Polythelia or polymastia
- 10.5 Acute mastitis
- 10.6 Breast cystic hyperplasia
- 10.7 Breast neoplasm
- 10.8 Gynecomastia
- Chapter 11 Thoracic Trauma
- 11.1 Introduction
- 11.2 Rib fracture
- 11.3 Pneumothorax
- 11.4 Hemothorax
- Chapter 12 Diseases of the Chest Wall
- 12.1 Introduction
- 12.2 Chest wall deformities
- 12.3 Chest wall infections
- 12.4 Chest wall tumors
- Chapter 13 Empyema
- 13.1 Introduction
- 13.2 Pathogenesis
- 13.3 Bacteriology
- 13.4 Stages of empyema
- 13.5 Complications of empyema
- 13.6 Diagnosis
- 13.7 Management
- Chapter 14 Diseases of the Lung
- 14.1 Introduction
- 14.2 Pathology of carcinoma of the lung
- 14.3 Clinical presentation of lung cancer
- 14.4 Diagnosing lung cancer
- 14.5 Surgical treatment of non small cell lung cancer
- 14.6 Bronchiectasis
- Chapter 15 Diseases of the Esophagus
- 15.1 Introduction
- 15.2 Carcinoma of the esophagus
- 15.3 Benign esophageal tumors
- 15.4 Caustic injury of the esophagus
- 15.5 Achalasia
- 15.6 Gastroesophageal reflux disease
- 15.7 Esophageal diverticula
- Chapter 16 Mediastinal Tumors
- 16.1 Introduction
- 16.2 Anatomy
- 16.3 Symptoms
- 16.4 Radiologic imaging
- 16.5 Biopsy techniques
- 16.6 Treatment
- 16.7 Common primary mediastinal tumors
- Chapter 17 Heart Disease
- 17.1 Introduction
- 17.2 The basic measures for open heart surgery
- 17.3 The surgical treatment of congenital heart disease
- 17.4 The surgical treatment of acquired heart disease
- Chapter 18 Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms
- 18.1 Introduction
- 18.2 Classification
- 18.3 Etiology
- 18.4 Clinical signs and symptoms
- 18.5 Diagnosis
- 18.6 Treatment
- 18.7 Results of operation
- Chapter 19 Hernias of the Abdominal Wall
- 19.1 Introduction
- 19.2 Inguinal hernias
- 19.3 Femoral hernia
- 19.4 Umbilical hernia
- 19.5 Incisional hernia
- Chapter 20 Abdominal Injuries
- 20.1 Introduction
- 20.2 Clinical features, diagnostic examinations, diagnosis, and management of abdominal injuries
- 20.3 Abdominal compartment syndrome and damage control surgery
- 20.4 Management of specific organ injuries
- Chapter 21 Acute Suppurative Peritonitis
- 21.1 Introduction
- 21.2 Anatomy and physiology
- 21.3 Acute diffuse peritonitis
- 21.4 Intraperitoneal abscesses
- Chapter 22 Diseases of the Stomach and Duodenum
- 22.1 Introduction
- 22.2 Peptic ulcer
- 22.3 Gastric cancer
- Chapter 23 Small Intestine Disorders
- 23.1 Introduction
- 23.2 Anatomy and physiology
- 23.3 Inflammatory diseases
- 23.4 Bowel obstruction
- 23.5 Small intestinal tumors
- 23.6 Short bowel syndrome
- 23.7 Enterocutaneous fistulas
- Chapter 24 Disease of the Appendix
- 24.1 Introduction
- 24.2 Acute appendicitis
- 24.3 Special patients
- 24.4 Treatment
- 24.5 Special situations
- 24.6 Neoplasms of the appendix
- Chapter 25 Surgery of the Colon, Rectum, and Anus
- 25.1 Introduction
- 25.2 Anatomy of the colon, rectum and anus
- 25.3 Colorectal cancer
- 25.4 Hereditary colorectal cancer syndromes
- 25.5 Hemorrhoids
- 25.6 Anal fissures
- 25.7 Anorectal abcesses
- 25.8 Fistula in ano
- Chapter 26 Liver Diseases
- 26.1 Introduction
- 26.2 Anatomy and physiology
- 26.3 Important physiological functions
- 26.4 Hepatic cysts
- 26.5 Liver abscesses
- 26.6 Cavernous hemangioma of the liver
- 26.7 Primary liver cancer
- 26.8 Metastatic liver cancer
- 26.9 Hepatic hydatidosis
- Chapter 27 Portal Hypertension
- 27.1 Introduction
- 27.2 Anatomy and physiology of the portal vein
- 27.3 Etiology and classification of portal hypertension
- 27.4 Diagnosis and treatment of portal hypertension
- 27.5 Posthepatic portal hypertension (Budd Chiari syndrome)
- Chapter 28 Diseases of the Biliary Tract
- 28.1 Introduction
- 28.2 Biliary ascariasis
- 28.3 Calculous disease
- 28.4 Noncalculous biliary disease
- 28.5 Biliary tumors
- Chapter 29 Differential Diagnosis and Management of Massive Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage
- 29.1 Introduction
- 29.2 Upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage
- 29.3 Massive lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage
- Chapter 30 Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis in the Acute Abdomen
- 30.1 Introduction
- 30.2 Pathophysiology and pathogenesis of abdominal pain
- 30.3 Clinical and diagnostic procedures for the acute abdomen
- 30.4 Differential diagnosis of acute abdominal pain
- 30.5 Surgical management of the acute abdomen
- Chapter 31 Diseases of the Pancreas
- 31.1 Introduction
- 31.2 Anatomy and physiology
- 31.3 Acute pancreatitis
- 31.4 Chronic pancreatitis
- 31.5 Pancreatic pseudocysts
- 31.6 Cystic pancreatic neoplasms
- 31.7 Cancer of the pancreas and other periampullary cancers
- 31.8 Neoplasms of the endocrine pancreas
- Chapter 32 Diseases of the Spleen
- 32.1 Introduction
- 32.2 Indications of splenectomy
- 32.3 Splenectomy procedures
- Chapter 33 Peripheral Aneurysmal Vascular Diseases
- 33.1 Introduction
- 33.2 Peripheral arterial aneurysm
- 33.3 Splanchnic artery aneurysms
- 33.4 Abdominal aortic aneurysms
- Chapter 34 Peripheral Vascular and Lymphatic Diseases
- 34.1 Introduction
- 34.2 Venous disorders
- 34.3 Arterial embolism
- 34.4 Arteriosclerosis obliterans
- 34.5 Thromboangiitis obliterans
- 34.6 Arteriovenous fistula
- 34.7 Lymphedema
- Chapter 35 Diagnostic Methods of Urinary Diseases
- 35.1 Introduction
- 35.2 Symptoms of urinary diseases
- 35.3 Physical examination of the genitourinary tract
- 35.4 Urologic laboratory examinations
- 35.5 Urinary tract imaging
- 35.6 Basic instrumentation
- Chapter 36 Genitourinary Anomalies
- 36.1 Introduction
- 36.2 Renal anomalies
- 36.3 Ureteral anomalies
- 36.4 Bladder anomalies
- 36.5 Penile and urethral anomalies
- 36.6 Cryptorchidism (undescended testis)
- Chapter 37 Urinary System Injuries
- 37.1 Introduction
- 37.2 Renal injuries
- 37.3 Ureteral injuries
- 37.4 Bladder injuries
- 37.5 Urethral injuries
- Chapter 38 Infections of the Genitourinary System
- 38.1 Introduction
- 38.2 General concepts of urinary tract infections
- 38.3 Upper urinary tract infection
- 38.4 Bladder infection
- 38.5 Prostate infection
- 38.6 Urethritis
- 38.7 Epididymitis
- Chapter 39 Urologic and Male Genital Tuberculosis
- 39.1 Introduction
- 39.2 Urologic tuberculosis
- 39.3 Male genital tuberculosis
- Chapter 40 Urinary Tract Obstruction
- 40.1 Introduction
- 40.2 Etiology and classification
- 40.3 Pathophysiology
- 40.4 Prognosis
- 40.5 Hydronephrosis
- 40.6 Benign prostatic hyperplasia
- 40.7 Acute urinary retention
- Chapter 41 Urolithiasis
- 41.1 Introduction
- 41.2 Renal calculi and ureteral calculi
- 41.3 Bladder calculi
- 41.4 Urethral calculi
- Chapter 42 Genitourinary Tumors
- 42.1 Introduction
- 42.2 Renal cell carcinoma
- 42.3 Urothelial tumors of the renal pelvis and ureters
- 42.4 Bladder cancer
- 42.5 Prostate cancer
- 42.6 Testicular cancer
- 42.7 Penile cancer
- Chapter 43 Other Diseases of the Male Genitourinary System
- 43.1 Introduction
- 43.2 Nephroptosis
- 43.3 Varicocele
- 43.4 Hydrocele
- 43.5 Renovascular hypertension
- Chapter 44 Adrenal Diseases
- 44.1 Introduction
- 44.2 Cushings syndrome
- 44.3 Primary hyperaldosteronism
- 44.4 Pheochromocytoma
- 44.5 Incidentaloma
- Chapter 45 Male Infertility, Contraception and Dysgonesis
- 45.1 Introduction
- 45.2 Male Infertility
- 45.3 Male contraception
- 45.4 Male sexual dysfunction
- Chapter 46 Outline of Fractures
- 46.1 Introduction
- 46.2 Mechanism, etiology, and classification
- 46.3 Displacement
- 46.4 Fractures in children
- 46.5 Diagnosis
- 46.6 Treatment
- 46.7 Healing process
- 46.8 Open fractures
- 46.9 Emergency treatment of fractures
- 46.10 Complications
- 46.11 Delayed union, nonunion and malunion
- Chapter 47 Upper Extremity Fracture and Joint Injury
- 47.1 Introduction
- 47.2 Fractures of the clavicle
- 47.3 Humeral shaft fracture
- 47.4 Supracondylar fracture of the humerus
- 47.5 Fracture of the shaft of the ulna and radius
- 47.6 Fracture of the distal radius
- 47.7 Dislocations
- 47.8 Surgical neck fracture of the humerus
- Chapter 48 Hand Injuries
- 48.1 Introduction
- 48.2 Anatomy
- 48.3 Acute hand injury
- 48.4 Skeletal injuries of the hand
- 48.5 Nerve injuries
- 48.6 Examination
- 48.7 Replantation of amputated fingers
- Chapter 49 Injures of the Lower Extremities
- 49.1 Introduction
- 49.2 Hip fractures
- 49.3 Intertrochanteric femoral fractures
- 49.4 Distal femur
- 49.5 Tibial plateau fracture
- 49.6 Patella
- 49.7 Tibial shaft
- 49.8 Ankle
- 49.9 Hip dislocations
- 49.10 Extraarticular tendinous structures
- 49.11 Extraarticular ligamentous structures
- 49.12 Menisci
- 49.13 Ankle injuries
- Chapter 50 Fractures of the Spine and Pelvis
- 50.1 Introduction
- 50.2 Spine fractures
- 50.3 Spinal cord injury
- 50.4 Cervical spine injuries
- 50.5 Pelvic fractures
- Chapter 51 Peripheral Nerve Injuries
- 51.1 Introduction
- 51.2 Upper limb nerve injury
- 51.3 Lower limb nerve injury
- Chapter 52 Chronic Injury of the Locomotor System
- 52.1 Introduction
- 52.2 Chronic injury of soft tissue
- 52.3 Chronic injury of cartilage
- 52.4 Chronic injury of bone
- 52.5 Peripheral nerve entrapment syndrome
- Chapter 53 Lower Back, Leg, Neck and Shoulder Pain
- 53.1 Introduction
- 53.2 General disc and spine anatomy
- 53.3 Cervical disc disease
- 53.4 Lower back and leg pain-lumbar disc disease
- Chapter 54 Bone and Joint Infections
- 54.1 Introduction
- 54.2 Acute hematogenous osteomyelitis
- 54.3 Adult osteomyelitis
- 54.4 Special types of osteomyelitis
- 54.5 Acute septic arthritis
- Chapter 55 Tuberculosis
- 55.1 Introduction
- 55.2 Tuberculosis
- 55.3 Diagnosis and differential diagnosis
- 55.4 Treatment
- 55.5 Complications
- Chapter 56 Nonsuppurative Arthritis
- 56.1 Introduction
- 56.2 Osteoarthritis
- 56.3 Rheumatoid arthritis
- 56.4 Ankylosing spondylitis
- 56.5 Kaschin Beck disease
- Chapter 57 Abnormalities of the Musculoskeletal System
- 57.1 Introduction
- 57.2 Congenital torticollis
- 57.3 Syndactyly and polydactyly
- 57.4 Developmental dysplasia of the hip
- 57.5 Congenital clubfoot
- 57.6 Flatfoot
- 57.7 Hallux valgus
- 57.8 Scoliosis
- Chapter 58 Bone Tumors and Tumor like Lesions
- 58.1 Introduction
- 58.2 Diagnosis
- 58.3 Surgical techniques
- 58.4 Radiotherapy
- 58.5 Chemotherapy
- 58.6 Cartilaginous tumors
- 58.7 Osteoid osteoma
- 58.8 Giant Cell Tumor
- 58.9 Malignant tumors of bone
- 58.10 Tumors of fatty tissue
- 58.11 Tumors of muscle
- 58.12 Tumors of blood vessels
- 58.13 Tumors of histiocytic origins
- 58.14 Tumors of synovial tissue
- 58.15 Tumors of peripheral nerves
- Appendix