- Preface
- Acknowledgments
- Preliminaries
- 1 Countable sets
- 2 The Cantor set
- 3 Cardinality
- 3.1 Some examples
- 4 Cardinality of some infinite Cartesian products
- 5 Ordenngs, the maximal principle, and the axiom of choice
- 6 Well-ordering
- 6.1 The first uncountable
- Problems and Complements
- I Topologies and Metric Spaces
- 1 Topological spaces
- 1.1 Hausdorff and normal spaces
- 2 Urysohn's lemma
- 3 The Tietze extension theorem
- 4 Bases,axioms of countability,and product topologies
- 5 Compact topological spaces
- 5.1 Sequentially compact topological spaces
- 6 Compact subsets of RN
- 7 Continuous functions on countably compact spaces
- 8 Products of compact spaces
- 9 Vector spaces
- 9.1 Convex sets
- 9.2 Linear maps and isomorphisms
- 10 Topological vector spaces
- 10.1 Boundedness and continuity
- 11 Linear functionals
- 12 Finite-dimensional topological vector spaces
- 12.1 Locally compact spaces
- 13 Metric spaces
- 13.1 Separation and axioms of countability
- 13.2 Equivalent metrics
- 13.3 Pseudometrics
- 14 Metric vector spaces
- 14.1 Maps between metric spaces
- 15 Spaces of continuous functions
- 15.1 Spaces of continuously differentiable functions
- 16 On the structure of a complete metric space
- 17 Compact and totally bounded metric spaces
- 17.1 Precompact subsets of X
- Problems and Complements
- Ⅱ Measuring Sets
- 1 Partitioning open subsets of RN
- 2 Limits of sets, characteristic functions, and ●-algebras
- 3 Measures
- 3.1 Finite, ●-finite, and complete measures
- 3.2 Some examples
- 4 Outer measures sequential coverings
- 4.1 The Lebes and outer measure in RN
- 4 2 The Lebesgue-Stieltjes outer measure
- 5 The Hausdorff outer measure in RN
- 6 Constructing measures from outer measures
- 7 The Lebesgue-Stieltjes measure on R 7.1 Borel measures
- 8 The Hausdorff measure on RN
- 9 Extending measures from semialgebras to a-algebras
- 9.1 On the Lebesgue-Stieltjes and Hausdorff measures
- 10 Necessary and sufficient conditions for measurability
- 11 More on extensions from semialgebras to a -algebras
- 12 The Lebesgue measure of sets in Rn
- 12.1 A necessary and sufficient condition of measurability
- 13 A nonmeasurable set
- 14 Borel sets, measurable sets, and incomplete measures
- 14.1 A continuous increasing function f:[0,1]●[0,1]
- 14.2 On the preimage of a measurable set
- 14.3 Proof of Propositions 14.1 and 14.2
- 15 More on Borel measures
- 15.1 Some extensions to general Borel measures
- 15.2 Regular Bore] measures and Radon measures
- 16 Regular outer measures and Radon measures
- 16.1 More on Radon measures
- 17 Vitali coverings
- 18 The Besicovitch covering theorem
- 19 Proof of Proposition 18.2
- 20 The Besicovitch measure-theoretical covering theorem
- Problems and Complements
- III The Lebesgue Integral
- 1 Measurable functions
- 2 The Egorov theorem
- 2.1 The Egorov theorem in RN
- 2.2 More on Egorov's theorem
- 3 Approximating measurable functions by simple functions
- 4 Convergence in measure
- 5 Quasi-continuous functions and Lusin's theorem
- 6 Integral of simple functions
- 7 The Lebesgue integral of nonnegative functions
- 8 Fatou's lemma and the monotone convergence theorem
- 9 Basic properties of the Lebesgue integral
- 10 Convergence theorems
- 11 Absolute continuity of the integral
- 12 Product of measures
- 13 On the structure of(A×B)
- 14 The Fubini-Tonelli theorem
- 14.1 The Tonelli version of the Fubini theorem
- 15 Some applications of the Fubini-Tonelli theorem
- 15.1 Integrals in terms of distribution functions
- 15.2 Convolution integrals
- 15.3 The Marcinkiewicz integral
- 16 Signed measures and the Hahn decomposition.
- 17 The Radon-Nikod●m theorem
- 18 Decomposing measures
- 18.1 The Jordan decomposition
- 18.2 The Lebesgue decomposition
- 18.3 A general version of the Radon-Nikod●m theorem
- Problems and Complements
- Ⅳ Topics on Measurable Functions of Real Variables
- 1 Functions of bounded variations
- 2 Dini derivatives
- 3 Differentiating functions of bounded variation
- 4 Differentiating series of monotone functions
- 5 Absolutely continuous functions
- 6 Density of a measurable set
- 7 Derivatives of integrals
- 8 Differentiating Radon measures
- 9 Existence and measurability of D●●
- 9.1 Proof of Proposition 9.2
- 10 Representing D●●
- 10.1 Representing ●●for v●u
- 10.2 Representing D●●for●●●
- 11 The Lebesgue differentiation theorem
- 11.1 Points of density
- 11.2 Lebesgue points of an integrable function
- 12 Regular families
- 13 Convex functions
- 14 Jensen's inequality
- 15 Extending continuous functions
- 16 The Weierstrass approximation theorem
- 17 The Stone-Weierstrass theorem
- 18 Proof of the Stone-Weierstrass theorem
- 18.1 Proof of Stone's theorem
- 19 The Ascoli-Arzelàtheorem
- 19.1 Precompact subsets of C(●)
- Problems and Complements
- V The LP(E) Spaces
- 1 Functions in LP(E) and their norms
- 1.1 The spaces LP for 0<P<1
- 1.2 The spaces L9 for q<0
- 2 The Wider and Minkowski inequalities
- 3 The reverse H61der and Minkowski inequalities
- 4 More on the spaces LP and their norms
- 4.1 Characterizing the norm●●●for 1●p<●
- 4.2 The norm●●●●for E of finite measure
- 4.3 The continuous version of the Minkowski inequality
- 5 LP(E) for1●p < oo as normed spaces of equivalence classes
- 5.1 LP(E) for 1●●●as a matrir tnpological vector space a metric topological vector siDace
- 6 A metric topology for LP(E) when 0<P<1
- 6.1 Open convex subsets of LP(E) when 0<p<1
- 7 Convergence in LP(E) and completeness
- 8 Separating LP(E) by simple functions
- 9 Weak convergence in LP(E)
- 10 Weak lower semicontinuity of the norm in LP(E)
- 11 Weak convergence and norm convergence
- 11.1 Proof of Proposition 11.1 for p●2
- 11.2 Proof of Proposition 11.1 for 1<P<2
- 12 Linear functionals in LP(E)
- 13 The Riesz representation theorem
- 13.1 Proof of Theorem 13.1:The case where{X,A,u}is finite
- 13.2 Proof of Theorem 13.1:The case where{X,A,u} is σ-finite
- 13.3 Proof of Theorem13.1:The case where 1<P<●
- 14 The Hanner and Clarkson inequalities
- 14.1 Proof of Hanner's inequalities
- 14.2 Proof of Clarkson's inequalities
- 15 Uniform convexity of LP(E) for 1<P<●
- 16 The Riesz representation theorem by uniform convexity
- 16.1 Proof of Theorem 13.1:The case where 1<P<●
- 16.2 The case where p=1 and E is of finite measure
- 16.3 The case where p=1 and{X,A,u}is σ-finite
- 17 Bounded linear functional in LP (E) for 0<P<1
- 17.1 An alternate proof of Proposition 17.1
- 18 If E●RN and p●[1,●),then LP(E) is separable
- 19 Selecting weakly convergent subsequences
- 20 Continuity of the translation in LP(E) for 1 < p<00
- 21 Approximating functions in LP(E) with functions in C●(E)
- 22 Characterizing precompact sets in LP(E)
- Problems and Complements
- VI Banach Spaces
- 1 Normed spaces
- 1.1 Seminorms and quotients
- 2 Finite- and infinite-dimensional normed spaces
- 2.1 A counterexample
- 2.2 The Riesz lemma
- 2.3 Finite-dimensional spaces
- 3 Linear maps and functionals
- 4 Examples of maps and functionals
- 4.1 Functionals
- 4.2 Linear functionals on C(●)
- 5 Kernels of maps and functionals
- 6 Equibounded families of linear maps
- 6.1 Another proof of Proposition 6.1
- 7 Contraction mappings
- 7.1 Applications to some Fredholm integral equations
- 8 The open mapping theorem
- 8.1 Some applications
- 8.2 The closed graph theorem
- 9 The Hahn-Banach theorem
- 10 Some consequences of the Hahn-Banach theorem
- 11 Separating convex subsets of X
- 12 Weak topologies
- 12.1 Weakly and strongly closed convex sets
- 13 Reflexive Banach spaces
- 14 Weak compactness
- 14.1 Weak sequential compactness
- 15 The weak' topology
- 16 The Alaoglu theorem
- 17 Hilbert spaces
- 17.1 The Schwarz inequality
- 17.2 The parallelogram identity
- 18 Orthogonal sets,representations,and functionals
- 18.1 Bounded linear functionals on H
- 19 Orthonormal systems
- 19.1 The Bessel inequality
- 19.2 Separable Hilbert spaces
- 20 Complete orthonormal systems
- 20.1 Equivalent notions of complete systems
- 20.2 Maximal and complete orthonormal systems
- 20.3 The Gram-Schmidt orthonormalization process
- 20.4 On the dimension of a separable Hilbert space Problems and Complements
- VII Spaces of Continuous Functions, Distributions, and Weak Derivatives
- 1 Spaces of continuous functions
- 2 Bounded linear functionals on Ca(RN)
- 2.1 Remarks on functionals of the type (2.2) and (2.3)
- 2.2 Characterizing Co(RN)'
- 3 Positive linear functionals on Co(RN)
- 4 Proof of Theorem 3.3:Constructing the measure u
- 5 Proof of Theorem 3.3:Representing T as in (3.3)
- 6 Characterizing bounded linear functionals on Co(RN)
- 6.1 Locally bounded linear functionals on Co(RN)
- 6.2 Bounded linear functionals on Co(RN)
- 7 A topology for ●(E) for an open set E●RN
- 8 A metric topology for ●(E)
- 8.1 Equivalence of these topologies
- 8.2 D(E) is not complete
- 9 A topology for ●●(K) for a compact set ●●●
- 9.1 A metric topology for ●(K)
- 9.2 D(k) is complete
- 10 Relating the topology of D(E) to the topology of D(K)
- 10.1 Noncompleteness of D(E)
- 11 The Schwartz topology of D(E)
- 12 D(E) is complete
- 12.1 Cauchy sequences in D(E)
- 12.2 The topology of D(E) is not metrizable
- 13 Continuous maps and functionals
- 13.1 Distributions on E
- 13.2 Continuous linear maps T:D(E)●D(E)
- 14 Distributional derivatives
- 14.1 Derivatives of distributions
- 14.2 Some examples
- 14.3 Miscellaneous remarks
- 15 Fundamental Solutions
- 15.1 The fundamental solution of the wave operator
- 15.2 The fundamental solution of the Laplace operator
- 16 Weak derivatives and main properties
- 17 Domains and their boundaries
- 17.1 ●E of class C1
- 17.2 Positive geometric density
- 17.3 The segment property
- 17.4 The cone property
- 17.5 On the various properties of ●E
- 18 More on smooth approximations
- 19 Extensions into RN
- 20 The chain rule
- 21 Steklov averagings
- 22 Characterizing ●(E) for 1<P<●
- 23 The Rademacher theorem
- Problems and Complements
- VIII Topics on Integrable Functions of Real Variables
- 1 Vitali-type coverings
- 2 The maximal function
- 3 Strong LP estimates for the maximal function
- 3.1 Estimates of weak and strong type
- 4 The Calderbn-Zygmund decomposition theorem
- 5 Functions of bounded mean oscillation
- 6 Proof of Theorem 5.1
- 7 The sharp maximal function
- 8 Proof of the Fefferman-Stein theorem
- 9 The Marcinkiewicz interpolation theorem
- 9.1 Quasi-linear maps and interpolation
- 10 Proof of the Marcinkiewicz theorem
- 11 Rearranging the values of a function
- 12 Basic properties of rearrangements
- 13 Symmetric rearrangements
- 14 A convolution inequality for rearrangements
- 14.1 Approximations by simple functions
- 15 Reduction to a finite union of intervals
- 16 Proof of Theorem 14.1:The case where T+S<R
- 17 Proof of Theorem 14.1:The case where S+T>R
- 18 Hardy's inequality
- 19 A convolution-type inequality
- 20 Proof of Theorem 19.1
- 21 An equivalent form of Theorem 19.1
- 22 An N-dimensional version of Theorem 21.1
- 23 LP estimates of Riesz potentials
- 24 The limiting case p=N
- Problems and Complements
- Ⅸ Embeddings of W1,P(E) into Lq(E)
- 1 Multiplicative embeddings of ●●(E)
- 2 Proof of Theorem 1.1 for N=1
- 3 Proof of Theorem 1.1 for 1●p<N
- 4 Proof of Theorem 1.l for 1●p<N,concluded
- 5 Proof of Theorem 1.1 forp●N>1
- 5.1 Estimate of/I1(x,R)
- 5.2 Estimate of I2(x,R)
- 6 Proof of Theorem 1.1 for p●N>1, concluded
- 7 On the limiting case p=N
- 8 Emheddings of ●(E)
- 9 Proof of Theorem 8.1
- 10 Poincard inequalities
- 10.1 The Poincard inequality
- 10.2 Multiplicative Poincare inequalities
- 11 The discrete isoperimetric inequality
- 12 Morrey spaces
- 12.1 Embeddings for functions in the Morrev spaces
- 13 Limiting embedding of ●(E)
- 14 Compact embeddings
- 15 Fractional Sobolev spaces in RN
- 16 Traces
- 17 Traces and fractional Sobolev spaces
- 18 Traces on aE of functions in W●(E)
- 18.1 Traces and fractional Sobolev spaces
- 19 Multiplicative embeddings
- 20 Proof of Theorem 19.1:A special case
- 21 Constructing a map between E and Q: Part 1
- 22 Constructing a map between E and Q: Part 2
- 23 Proof of Theorem 19.1,concluded
- Problems and Complements
- References
- Index