- 目录
- Part 1 THE INVESTMENT BACKGROUND
- Chapter 1 The Investment Setting
- What Is an Investment?
- Measures of Return and Risk
- Measures of Historical Rates of Return
- Computing Mean Historical Returns
- Calculating Expected Rates of Return
- Measuring the Risk of Expected Rates of Return
- Risk Measures for Historical Returns
- Determinants of Required Rates of Return
- The Real Risk-Free Rate
- Factors Influencing the Nominal Risk-Free
- Rate (NRFR)
- Risk Premium
- Risk Premium and Portfolio Theory
- Fundamental Risk versus Systematic Risk
- Relationship between Risk and Return
- Movements along the SML
- Changes in the Slope of the SML
- Changes in Capital Market Conditions or Expected Inflation
- Chapter 2 The Asset Allocation Decision
- Individual Investor Life Cycle
- The Preliminaries
- Life Cycle Net Worth and Investment Strategies
- Life Cycle Investment Goals
- The Portfolio Management Process
- The Need for a Policy Statement
- Understand and Articulate Realistic Investor Goals
- Standards for Evaluating Portfolio Performance
- Other Benefits
- Input to the Policy Statement
- Investment Objectives
- Investment Constraints
- Constructing the Policy Statement
- The Importance of Asset Allocation
- Real Investment Returns after Taxes and Costs
- Returns and Risks of Different Asset Classes
- Asset Allocation and Cultural Differences
- Chapter 3 Selecting Investments in a Global Market
- Global Investment Choices
- Fixed-Income Investments
- International Bond Investing
- Equity Instruments
- Special Equity Instruments: Options
- Futures Contracts
- Investment Companies
- Real Estate
- Low-Liquidity Investments
- Historical Risk-Returns on Alternative Investments
- Stocks, Bonds, and T-Bills
- World Portfolio Performance
- Chapter 4 Organization and Functioning of Securities Markets
- What Is a Market?
- Characteristics of a Good Market
- Organization of the Securities Market
- Primary Capital Markets
- Government Bond Issues
- Municipal Bond Issues
- Corporate Bond Issues
- Corporate Stock Issues
- Private Placements
- Secondary Financial Markets
- Why Secondary Markets Are Important
- Secondary Bond Markets
- Financial Futures
- Secondary Equity Markets
- Regional Exchanges and the Over-the-Counter Market
- Regional Securities Exchanges
- Over-the-Counter (OTC) Market
- Third Market
- Fourth Market
- Changes in the Securities Markets
- Evidence and Effect of Institutionalization
- Negotiated Commission Rates
- The Impact of Block Trades
- Institutions and Stock Price Volatility
- National Market System (NMS)
- New Trading Systems
- Global Market Changes
- Future Developments
- Part 2 DEVELOPMENTS IN INVESTMENT THEORY
- Chapter 5 Efficient Capital Markets
- Why Should Capital Markets Be Efficient?
- Alternative Efficient Market Hypotheses
- Weak-Form Efficient Market Hypothesis
- Semistrong-Form Efficient Market Hypothesis
- Strong-Form Efficient Market Hypothesis
- Tests and Results of Efficient Market Hypotheses
- Weak-Form Hypothesis: Tests and Results
- Semistrong-Form Hypothesis: Tests and Results
- Strong-Form Hypothesis: Tests and Results
- Behavioral finance
- Implications of Efficient Capital Markets
- Efficient Markets and Technical Analysis
- Efficient Markets and Fundamental Analysis
- Chapter 6 An Introduction to Portfolio Management
- Some Background Assumptions
- Risk Aversion
- Definition of Risk
- Markowitz Portfolio Theory
- Alternative Measures of Risk
- Expected Rates of Return
- variance (Standard Deviation) of Returns for an Individual Investment
- Variance (Standard Deviation) of Returns for a Portfolio
- Standard Deviation of a Portfolio
- A Three-Asset Portfolio
- Estimation Issues
- The Efficient Frontier
- The Efficient Frontier and Investor Utility
- Chapter 7 An introduction to Asset Pricing Models
- Capital Market Theory: An Overview
- Background for Capital Market Theory
- Risk-Free Asset
- The Market Portfolio
- The Capital Asset Pricing Model: Expected Return and Risk
- The Security Market Line (SML)
- Relaxing the Assumptions
- Differential Borrowing and Lending Rates
- Zero-Beta Model
- Transaction Costs
- Heterogeneous Expectations and Planning Periods Taxes
- Empirical Tests of the CAPM
- Relationship between Systematic Risk and Return
- Effect of Skewness on the Relationship
- Effect of Size, P/E, and Leverage
- Effect of Book-to-Market Value:
- The Fa ma-French Study
- Summary of CAPM Risk-Return Empirical Results
- The Market Portfolio: Theory versus Practice What Is Next?
- Chapter 8 Multifactor Models of Risk and Return
- Arbitrage Pricing Theory
- Security Valuation with the APT: An Example
- Empirical Tests of the APT
- Multifactor Models and Risk Estimation
- Multifactor Models in Practice
- Part 3 VALUATION PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES
- Chapter 9 Analysis of Financial Statements
- Major Financial Statements
- Generally Accepted Accounting Principles
- Balance Sheet
- Income Statement
- Statement of Cash Flows
- Purpose of Financial Statement Analysis
- Analysis of Financial Ratios
- Importance of Relative Financial Ratios
- Computation of Financial Ratios
- Evaluating Internal Liquidity
- Internal Liquidity Ratios
- Evaluating Operating Performance
- Operating Efficiency Ratios
- Operating Profitability Ratios
- Risk Analysis
- Business Risk
- Financial Risk
- Proportion of Debt (Balance Sheet) Ratios
- Earnings Flow Ratios
- Cash Flow Ratios
- External Liquidity Risk
- Analysis of Growth Potential
- Importance of Growth Potential
- Determinants of Growth
- Comparative Analysis of Ratios
- Internal Liquidity
- Operating Performance
- Risk Analysis
- Growth Analysis
- The Value of Financial Statement Analysis Specific Uses of Financial Ratios
- Stock valuation Models
- Estimating Systematic Risk
- Estimating the Credit Ratings on Bonds
- Predicting Insolvency (Bankruptcy)
- limitations of Financial Ratios
- Chapter 10 An Introduction to Security Valuation
- An Overview of the Valuation Process
- Why a Three-Step Valuation Process?
- General Economic Influences
- Industry Influences
- Company Analysis
- Does the Three-Step Process Work?
- Theory of Valuation
- Stream of Expected Returns (Cash Flows)
- Required Rate of Return
- Investment Decision Process: A Comparison of Estimated Values and Market Prices
- valuation of Alternative Investments
- Valuation of Bonds
- Valuation of Preferred Stock
- Approaches to the Valuation of Common Stock
- Why and When to Use the Discounted Cash Flow
- Valuation Approach
- Why and When to Use the Relative Valuation
- Techniques
- Discounted Cash Flow Valuation Techniques
- Valuation with Temporary Supernormal Growth
- Present Value of Operating Free Cash Flows
- Present Value of Free Cash Flows to Equity
- Relative Valuation Techniques
- Earnings Multiplier Model
- The Price/Cash Flow Ratio
- The Price/Book Value Ratio
- The Price/Sales Ratio
- Implementing the Relative valuation Technique
- Estimating the Inputs: The Required Rate of Return and the Expected Growth Rate of Valuation Variables
- Required Rate of Return (k)
- Estimating the Required Return for Foreign
- Securities
- Expected Growth Rates
- Chapter 11 Macroeconomic and Market Analysis
- Economic Activity and Security Markets Cyclical indicator Approach to Forecasting the Economy
- Cyclical Indicator Categories
- Analytical Measures of Performance
- Limitations of the Cyclical Indicator Approach
- Other Leading Indicator Series
- Monetary Variables, the Economy,and Stock Prices
- Money Supply and the Economy
- Financial Conditions Index
- Money Supply and Stock Prices
- Other Economic Variables and Stock Prices
- Inflation, Interest Rates, and Security Prices
- Summary of Macroeconomic Analysis
- Part 4 ANALYSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF COMMON STOCKS
- Chapter 12 Stock Market Analysis
- Applying the DDM Valuation Model to the Market
- Market Valuation Using the Reduced Form DDM
- Estimating the Growth Rate of Dividends (g)
- Market Valuation Using the Free Cash Flow to Equity (FCFE) Model
- Valuation Using the Relative Valuation Approach
- Two-Part Valuation Procedure
- Importance of Both Components of Value
- Estimating Expected Earnings per Share
- Estimating Gross Domestic Product
- Estimating Sales per Share for a Market Series
- Alternative Estimates of Corporate Net Profits
- Estimating Aggregate Operating Profit Margin
- Estimating Depreciation Expense
- Estimating Interest Expense
- Estimating the Tax Rate
- Calculating Earnings per Share: An Example
- Estimating the Earnings Multiplier for a Stock Market Series
- Determinants of the Earnings Multiplier
- Estimating the Required Rate of Retum (k)
- Estimating the Growth Rate of Dividends (g)
- Estimating the Dividend-Payout Ratio (D1/E1)
- Calculating the Expected Rate of Return on Common Stocks
- Other Relative Valuation Ratios
- Chapter 13 Industry Analysis
- Why Do Industry Analysis?
- Cross-Sectional Industry Performance
- Industry Performance over Time
- Performance of the Companies
- within an Industry
- Differences in Industry Risk
- Summary of Research on Industry Analysis
- Industry Analysis Process
- The Business Cycle and Industry Sectors
- Inflation
- Interest Rates
- International Economics
- Consumer Sentiment
- Structural Economic Changes and Alternative Industries
- Demographics
- Lifestyles
- Technology
- Politics and Regulations
- Evaluating the Industry Life Cycle Analysis of Industry Competition
- Competition and Expected Industry Retums
- Estimating Industry Rates of Return
- Valuation Using the Reduced Form DDM
- Industry Analysis Using the Relative Valuation Approach
- The Earnings Multiple Technique
- Other Relative valuation Ratios
- Global Industry Analysis
- Chapter 14 Company Analysis and Stock Valuation
- Company Analysis versus the Valuation of Stock
- Growth Companies and Growth Stocks
- Defensive Companies and Stocks
- Cyclical Companies and Stocks
- Speculative Companies and Stocks
- Value versus Growth Investing
- Economic, Industry, and Structural Links to Company Analysis
- Economic and Industry Influences
- Structural Influences
- Company Analysis
- Firm Competitive Strategies
- Focusing a Strategy
- SWOT Analysis
- Some Lessons from Lynch
- Tenets of Warren Buffett
- Estimating Intrinsic Value
- Analysis of Growth Companies
- Growth Company Defined
- Actual Returns above Required Returns
- Growth Companies and Growth Stocks
- Growth Companies and the Dividend
- Discount Model
- Alternative Growth Models
- No-Growth Firm
- Long-Run Growth Models
- The Real World
- Measures of Value Added
- Economic Value Added (EVA)
- Market Value Added (MVA)
- Relationships between EVA and MVA
- The Franchise Factor
- Growth Duration Model
- Influences on Analysts
- Efficient Markets
- Paralysis of Analysis
- Analyst Conflicts of Interest
- Global Company and Stock Analysis
- Availability of Data
- Differential Accounting Conventions
- Currency Differences (Exchange Rate Risk)
- Political (Country) Risk
- Transaction Costs
- Valuation Differences
- Summary
- Chapter 15 Technical Analysis
- Underlying Assumptions of Technical Analysis
- Advantages of Technical Analysis
- Challenges to Technical Analysis
- Challenges to Technical Analysis Assumptions
- Challenges to Technical Trading Rules
- Technical Trading Rules and Indicators
- Contrary-Opinion Rules
- Follow the Smart Money
- Other Market Environment Indicators
- Stock Price and volume Techniques
- Chapter 16 Equity Portfolio Management Strategies
- Passive versus Active Management An Overview of Passive Equity Portfolio Management Strategies
- Index Portfolio Construction Techniques
- Tracking Error and Index Portfolio Construction
- Methods of Index Portfolio Investing
- An Overview of Active Equity Portfolio Management Strategies
- Fundamental Strategies
- Technical Strategies
- Anomalies and Attributes
- Miscellaneous Issues
- Value versus Growth Investing:
- A Closer Look
- An Overview of Style Analysis
- Asset Allocation Strategies
- Integrated Asset Allocation
- Strategic Asset Allocation
- Tactical Asset Allocation
- Insured Asset Allocation
- Selecting an Active Allocation Method
- Using Futures and Options in Equity
- Portfolio Management: An Overview
- Modifying Portfolio Risk and Return:
- An Introduction
- Using Derivatives in Passive Equity Portfolio Management
- Using Derivatives in Active Equity Portfolio Management
- Part 5 ANALYSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF BONDS
- Chapter 17 Bond Fundamentals
- Basic Features of a Bond
- Bond Characteristics
- Rates of Return on Bonds
- The Global Bond Market Structure
- Participating Issuers
- Participating Investors
- Bond Ratings
- Alternative Bond Issues
- Domestic Government Bonds
- Government Agency Issues
- Municipal Bonds
- Corporate Bonds
- International Bonds
- Chapter 18 The Analysis and Valuation of Bonds
- The Fundamentals of Bond Valuation
- The Present Value Model
- The Yield Model
- Computing Bond Yields
- Nominal Yield
- Current Yield
- Promised Yield to Maturity
- Promised Yield to Call
- Realized (Horizon) Yield
- Calculating Future Bond Prices
- Price and Yield Determination on Noninterest Dates
- Yield Adjustments for Tax-Exempt Bonds
- Bond Yield Books
- Bond Valuation Using Spot Rates
- What Determines Interest Rates?
- Forecasting Interest Rates
- Fundamental Determinants of Interest Rates
- Term Structure of Interest Rates
- Calculating Forward Rates from the Spot Rate Curve Term Structure Theories
- Expectations Hypothesis
- Liquidity Preference Hypothesis
- Segmented Market Hypothesis
- Trading Implications of the Term Structure
- Yield Spreads
- What Determines the Price Volatility for Bonds?
- Trading Strategies
- Duration Measures
- Modified Duration and Bond Price Volatility
- Bond Convexity
- Limitations of Macaulay and Modified Duration
- Yield Spreads with Embedded Options
- Chapter 19 Bond Portfolio Management Strategies
- Alternative Bond Portfolio Strategies
- Passive Management Strategies
- Active Management Strategies
- A Global Fixed-Income Investment Strategy
- Core-Plus Bond Portfolio Management
- Matched-Funding Techniques
- Implications of Capital Market Theory and the EMH on Bond Portfolio Management
- Bonds and Total Portfolio Theory
- Bonds and Capital Market Theory
- Bond Price Behavior in a CAPM Framework
- Bond Market Efficiency
- Part 6 SPECIFICATION AND EVALUATION OF ASSET MANAGEMENT
- Chapter 20 Professional Asset Management
- The Asset Management Industry:Structure and Evolution
- Private Management and Advisory Firms
- Investment Strategy at a Private Money
- Management Firm
- Management of Investment Companies
- Valuing Investment Company Shares
- Closed-End versus Open-End Investment Companies
- Closed-End Investment Companies
- Open-End Investment Companies
- Fund Management Fees
- Types of Investment Companies Based on Portfolio Makeup
- Common Stock Funds
- Hybrid Funds
- Bond Funds
- Money Market Funds
- Breakdown by Fund Characteristics
- Global Investment Companies
- Ethics and Regulation in the Professional
- Asset Management Industry
- Performance of Investment Companies
- Analysis of Overall Performance
- Investment Style and the Classification of Mutual Funds
- Investment Style and Performance Persistence
- What Performance Studies Mean to You
- Chapter 21 Evaluation of Portfolio Performance
- What Is Required of a Portfolio Manager?
- Composite Portfolio Performance Meas Ires
- Portfolio Evaluation before 1960
- Peer Group Comparisons
- Treynor Portfolio Performance Measure
- Sharpe Portfolio Performance Measure
- Jensen Portfolio Performance Measure
- The Information Ratio Performance Measure
- Application of Portfolio Performance Measures
- Components of Investment Performance
- Performance Attribution Analysis
- Asset Class Attribution Analysis; An Example
- Measuring Market Timing Skills
- Factors That Affect Use of Performance Measures
- A Demonstration of the Global Benchmark Problem
- Implications of the Benchmark Problems
- Required Characteristics of Benchmarks
- Evaluation of Bond Portfolio Performance
- A Bond Market Line
- Decomposing Portfolio Returns
- Analyzing Sources of Return
- Consistency of Performance
- Reporting Investment Performance
- Time-Weighted and Dollar-Weighted Returns
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