- 目录
- 1. Introduction to Accounting and Business
- Nature of a Business
- Types of Businesses
- Types of Business Organizations
- Business Strategies
- Value Chain of a Business
- Business Stakeholders
- The Role of Accounting in Business
- Business Ethics
- Profession of Accounting
- Private Accounting
- Public Accounting
- Specialized Accounting Fields
- Generally Accepted Accounting Principles
- Business Entity Concept
- The Cost Concept
- Assets, Liabilities, and Owner's Equity
- Business Transactions and the Accounting Equation
- Financial Statements
- Income Statement
- Statement of Owner's Equity
- Balance Sheet
- Statement of Cash Flows
- Financial Analysis and Interpretation
- 2. Analyzing Transactions
- Usefulness of an Account
- Characteristics of an Account
- Analyzing and Summarizing Transactions in Accounts
- Transactions and Balance Sheet Accounts
- Income Statement Accounts
- Withdrawals by the Owner
- Normal Balances of Accounts
- Illustration of Analyzing and Summarizing Transactions Trial Balance
- Discovery and Correction of Errors
- Discovery of Errors
- Correction of Errors
- Financial Analysis and Interpretation
- 3. The Matching Concept and the Adjusting Process
- The Matching Concept
- Nature of the Adjusting Process
- Recording Adjusting Entries
- Deferred Expenses (Prepaid Expenses)
- Deferred Revenue (Unearned Revenue)
- Accrued Expenses (Accrued Liabilities)
- Accrued Revenues (Accrued Assets)
- Fixed Assets
- Summary of Adjustment Process
- Financial Analysis and Interpretation
- 4. Completing the Accounting Cycle
- Accounting Cycle
- Work Sheet
- Unadjusted Trial Balance Columns
- Adjustments Columns
- Adjusted Trial Balance Columns
- Income Statement and Balance Sheet Columns
- Financial Statements
- Income Statement
- Statement of Owner's Equity
- Balance Sheet
- Adjusting and Closing Entries
- Journalizing and Posting Closing Entries
- Post-Closing Trial Balance
- Fiscal Year
- Financial Analysis and Interpretation
- Appendix: Reversing Entries
- 5. Accounting Systems and Internal Controls
- Basic Accounting Systems
- Internal Control
- Objectives of Internal Control
- Elements of Internal Control
- Manual Accounting Systems
- Subsidiary Ledgers
- Special Journals
- Manual Accounting System: The Revenue and Collection Cycle
- Manual Accounting System: The Purchase and Payment Cycle
- Adapting Manual Accounting Systems
- Additional Subsidiary Ledgers
- Modified Special Journals
- E-Commerce
- 6. Accounting for Merchandising Businesses
- Nature of Merchandising Businesses
- Financial Statements for a Merchandising Business
- Multiple-Step Income Statement
- Single-Step Income Statement
- Statement of Owner's Equity
- Balance Sheet
- Sales Transactions
- Cash Sales
- Sales on Account
- Sales Discounts
- Sales Returns and Allowances
- Purchase Transactions
- Purchases Discounts
- Purchases Returns and Allowances
- Transportation Costs, Sales Taxes, and Trade Discounts
- Transportations Costs
- Sales Taxes
- Trade Discounts
- Illustration of Accounting for Merchandise Transactions
- Chart of Accounts for a Merchandising Business
- The Accounting Cycle for a Merchandising Business
- Merchandise Inventory Shrinkage
- Work Sheet
- Closing Entries
- Financial Analysis and Interpretation
- 7. Cash
- Nature of Cash and the Importance of Controls Over Cash
- Control of Cash Receipts
- Controlling Cash Received from Cash Sales
- Controlling Cash Received in the Mail
- Internal Control of Cash Payments
- Basic Features of the Voucher System
- Bank Accounts: Their Nature and Use as a Control Over Cash
- Business Bank Accounts
- Bank Statement
- Bank Accounts as a Control Over Cash
- Bank Reconciliation
- Petty Cash
- Presentation of Cash on the Balance Sheet
- Financial Analysis and Interpretation
- 8. Receivables
- Classification of Receivables
- Accounts Receivable
- Notes Receivable
- Other Receivables
- Internal Control of Receivables
- Uncollectible Receivables
- Allowance Method of Accounting for Uncollectibles
- Write-offs to the Allowance Account
- Estimating Uncollectibles
- Direct Write-Off Method of Accounting for Uncollectibles
- Characteristics of Notes Receivable
- Due Date
- Interest
- Maturity Value
- Accounting for Notes Receivable
- Receivables on the Balance Sheet
- Financial Analysis and Interpretation
- Appendix: Discounting Notes Receivable
- 9. Inventories
- Internal Control of Inventories
- Effect of Inventory Errors on Financial Statements
- Inventory Cost Flow Assumptions
- Inventory Costing Methods Under a Perpetual Inventory System
- First-In, First-Out Method
- Last-In, First-Out Method
- Average Cost Method
- Computerized Perpetual Inventory Systems
- Inventory Costing Methods Under a Periodic Inventory System
- First-In, First-Out Method
- Last-In, First-Out Method
- Average Cost Method
- Comparing Inventory Costing Methods
- Use of the First-In, First-Out Method
- Use of the Last-In, First-Out Method
- Use of the Average Cost Method
- Valuation of Inventory at Other than Cost
- Valuation at Lower of Cost or Market
- Valuation at Net Realizable Value
- Presenting Merchandise Inventory on the Balance Sheet
- Estimating Inventory Cost
- Retail Method of Inventory Costing
- Gross Profit Method of Estimating Inventories
- Financial Analysis and Interpretation
- 10. Fixed Assets and Intangible Assets
- Nature of Fixed Assets
- Classifying Costs
- The Cost of Fixed Assets
- Donated Assets
- Nature of Depreciation
- Accounting for Depreciation
- Straight-Line Method
- Units-of-Production Method
- Declining-Balance Method
- Comparing Depreciation Methods
- Depreciation for Federal Income Tax
- Revising Depreciation Estimates
- Composite-Rate Method
- Capital and Revenue Expenditures
- Stages of Acquiring Fixed Assets
- Fixed Asset Components
- Disposal of Fixed Assets
- Discarding Fixed Assets
- Selling Fixed Assets
- Exchanging Similar Fixed Assets
- Leasing Fixed Assets
- Internal Control of Fixed Assets
- Natural Resources
- Intangible Assets
- Patents
- Copyrights and Trademarks
- Goodwill
- Financial Reporting for Fixed Assets and Intangible Assets
- Financial Analysis and Interpretation
- Appendix: Sum-of-the-Years-Digits Depreciation
- 11. Current Liabilities
- The Nature of Current Liabilities
- Short-Term Notes Payable and Current Portion of Long-Term Debt
- Short-Term Notes Payable
- Current Portion of Long-Term Debt
- Contingent Liabilities
- Payroll and Payroll Taxes
- Liability for Employee Earnings
- Computing Employee Net Pay
- Employees' Fringe Benefits
- Pensions
- Postretirement Benefits Other Than Pensions
- Financial Analysis and Interpretation
- 12. Corporations: Organization, Capital Stock Transactions, and Dividends
- Nature of a Corporation
- Characteristics of a Corporation
- Forming a Corporation
- Stockholders' Equity
- Sources of Paid-in Capital
- Issuing Stock
- Treasury Stock Transactions
- Stock Splits
- Accounting for Dividends
- Cash Dividends
- Stock Dividends
- Reporting Stockholders' Equity
- Stockholders' Equity in the Balance Sheet
- Reporting Retained Earnings
- Financial Analysis and Interpretation
- 13. Accounting for Partnerships and Limited Liability Corporations
- Alternate Forms of Business Entities
- Proprietorships
- Corporations
- Partnerships
- Limited Liability Corporations
- Comparison of Alternate Entity Characteristics
- Equity Reporting for Alternate Entity Forms
- Equity Reporting for Proprietorships
- Equity Reporting for Corporations
- Equity Reporting for Partnerships and Limited Liability Corporations
- Accounting for Partnerships and Limited Liability Corporations
- Forming a Partnership
- Dividing Income
- Dividing Income-Services of Partners
- Dividing Income-Services of Partners and Investments
- Dividing Income-Allowances Exceed Net Income
- Partnership Dissolution
- Admitting a Partner
- Withdrawal of a Partner
- Death of a Partner
- Liquidating Partnerships
- Gain on Realization
- Loss on Realization
- Loss on Realization-Capital Deficiency
- Errors in Liquidation
- Business Life Cycle
- 14. Income Taxes, Unusual Income Items, and Investments in Stocks
- Corporate Income Taxes
- Payment of Income Taxes
- Allocating Income Taxes
- Reporting and Analyzing Taxes
- Unusual Items Affecting the Income Statement
- Unusual Items Affecting Income from Continuing Operations
- Unusual Items Not Affecting Income from Continuing Operations
- Reporting Unusual Below-the-Line Items
- Earnings per Common Share
- Comprehensive Income
- Accounting for Investments in Stocks
- Short-Term Investments in Stocks
- Long-Term Investments in Stocks
- Sale of Investments in Stocks
- Business Combinations
- Mergers and Consolidations
- Parent and Subsidiary Corporations
- Consolidated Financial Statements
- Financial Analysis and Interpretation
- 15. Bonds Payable and Investments in Bonds
- Financing Corporations
- Characteristics of Bonds Payable
- The Present-Value Concept and Bonds Payable
- Present Value of the Face Amount of Bonds
- Present Value of the Periodic Bond Interest Payments
- Accounting for Bonds Payable
- Bonds Issued at Face Amount
- Bonds Issued at a Discount
- Amortizing a Bond Discount
- Bonds Issued at a Premium
- Amortizing a Bond Premium
- Zero-Coupon Bonds
- Bond Sinking Funds
- Bond Redemption
- Investments in Bonds
- Accounting for Bond Investments-Purchase,Interest, and Amortization
- Accounting for Bond Investments-Sale
- Corporation Balance Sheet
- Balance Sheet Presentation of Bonds Payable
- Balance Sheet Presentation of Bond Investments
- Financial Analysis and Interpretation
- Appendix: Effective Interest Rate Method of Amortization
- Amortization of Discount by the Interest Method
- Amortization of Premium by the Interest Method
- 16. Statement of Cash Flows
- Reporting Cash Flows
- Cash Flows from Operating Activities
- Cash Flows from Investing Activities
- Cash Flows from Financing Activities
- Noncash Investing and Financing Activities
- No Cash Flow per Share
- Statement of Cash Flows-The Indirect Method
- Retained Earnings
- Common Stock
- Bonds Payable
- Building
- Land
- Preparing the Statement of Cash Flows
- Statement of Cash Flows-The Direct Method
- Cash Received from Customers
- Cash Payments for Merchandise
- Cash Payments for Operating Expenses
- Gain on Sale of Land
- Interest Expense
- Cash Payments for Income Taxes
- Reporting Cash Flows from Operating Activities-Direct Method
- Financial Analysis and Interpretation
- 17. Financial Statement Analysis
- Basic Analytical Procedures
- Horizontal Analysis
- Vertical Analysis
- Common-Size Statements
- Other Analytical Measures
- Solvency Analysis
- Current Position Analysis
- Accounts Receivable Analysis
- Inventory Analysis
- Ratio of Fixed Assets to Long-Term Liabilities
- Ratio of Liabilities to Stockholders' Equity
- Number of Times Interest Charges Earned
- Profitability Analysis
- Ratio of Net Sales to Assets
- Rate Earned on Total Assets
- Rate Earned on Stockholders' Equity
- Rate Earned on Common Stockholders' Equity
- Earnings per Share on Common Stock
- Price-Earnings Ratio
- Dividends per Share and Dividend Yield
- Summary of Analytical Measures
- Corporate Annual Reports
- Management Discussion and Analysis
- Independent Auditors' Report
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