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Air Pollution Control Engineering（Third Edition）大气污染控制工程（第三版）（影印版）

样章
作者：
Noel de Nevers
定价：
99.00 元
版面字数：
960千字
开本：
16开
装帧形式：
平装
版次：
1
最新版次
印刷时间：
暂无
ISBN：
978-7-04-058447-9
物料号：
58447-00
出版时间：
2022-06-23
读者对象：
高等教育
一级分类：
环境科学与工程类
二级分类：
环境工程专业课
三级分类：
大气污染控制工程及实验
暂无
  • 目录
    • 前辅文
      • 1 Introduction to Air Pollution Control
        • 1.1 Some of the History of Air Pollution Control in the United States of America
          • 1.2 Why the Sudden Rise in Interest in 1969-1970?
            • 1.3 Dirty Air Removal or Emission Control?
              • 1.4 One Problem or a Family of Problems?
                • 1.5 Emissions, Transport, Receptors
                  • 1.6 Units and Standards
                    • 1.7 The Plan of This Book
                      • 1.8 Summary
                      • 2 Air Pollution Effects
                        • 2.1 Effects of Air Pollution on Human Health
                          • 2.1.1 Animal Experiments
                            • 2.1.2 Short-Term Exposure of Human Volunteers
                              • 2.1.3 Epidemiology
                                • 2.1.4 Regulations to Protect Human Health
                                • 2.2 Air Pollution Effects on Property
                                  • 2.3 Air Pollution Effects on Visibility
                                    • 2.4 Summary
                                    • 3 Air Pollution Control Laws and Regulations, Air Pollution Control Philosophies
                                      • 3.1 U.S. Air Pollution Laws and Regulations
                                        • 3.2 Air Pollution Control Philosophies
                                          • 3.3 The Four Philosophies
                                            • 3.3.1 The Emission Standard Philosophy
                                              • 3.3.2 The Air Quality Standard Philosophy
                                                • 3.3.3 Emission Tax Philosophy
                                                  • 3.3.4 Cost-Benefit Philosophy
                                                  • 3.4 Changes and Adjustments
                                                    • 3.4.1 Air Quality Standards
                                                      • 3.4.2 Regional Problems
                                                        • 3.4.3 Emission Trading
                                                          • 3.4.4 Cap and Trade
                                                          • 3.5 Principal U.S. Air Pollution Laws
                                                            • 3.6 Summary
                                                            • 4 Air Pollution Measurements, Emission Estimates
                                                              • 4.1 A Representative Sample
                                                                • 4.2 Getting the Representative Sample to the Detector
                                                                  • 4.3 Concentration Determination
                                                                    • 4.4 Averaging
                                                                      • 4.5 Standard Analytical Methods
                                                                        • 4.6 Determining Pollutant Flow Rates
                                                                          • 4.7 Isokinetic Sampling
                                                                            • 4.8 Emission Factors
                                                                              • 4.9 Visible Emissions
                                                                                • 4.10 Summary
                                                                                • 5 Meteorology for Air Pollution Control Engineers
                                                                                  • 5.1 The Atmosphere
                                                                                    • 5.2 Horizontal Atmospheric Motion
                                                                                      • 5.2.1 Equatorial Heating, Polar Cooling
                                                                                        • 5.2.2 The Effect of the Earth's Rotation
                                                                                          • 5.2.3 The Influence of the Ground and the Sea
                                                                                          • 5.3 Vertical Motion in the Atmosphere
                                                                                            • 5.3.1 Air Density Change with Temperature and Humidity
                                                                                              • 5.3.2 Air Density Change with Pressure
                                                                                                • 5.3.3 Atmospheric Stability
                                                                                                  • 5.3.4 Mixing Height
                                                                                                    • 5.3.5 Moisture
                                                                                                    • 5.4 Winds
                                                                                                      • 5.4.1 Velocities
                                                                                                        • 5.4.2 Wind Direction
                                                                                                        • 5.5 Temperature Inversions
                                                                                                          • 5.6 Fumigations, Stagnations
                                                                                                            • 5.7 Meteorological Forecasts
                                                                                                              • 5.8 Summary
                                                                                                              • 6 Air Pollutant Concentration Models
                                                                                                                • 6.1 Introduction
                                                                                                                  • 6.2 Fixed-Box Models
                                                                                                                    • 6.3 Diffusion Models
                                                                                                                      • 6.3.1 The Gaussian Plume Idea
                                                                                                                        • 6.3.2 Gaussian Plume Derivation
                                                                                                                          • 6.3.3 Some Modifications of the Basic Gaussian Plume Equation
                                                                                                                          • 6.4 Plume Rise
                                                                                                                            • 6.5 Long-Term Average Uses of Gaussian Plume Models
                                                                                                                              • 6.6 Pollutant Creation and Decay in the Atmosphere
                                                                                                                                • 6.7 Multiple Cell Multispecies Models
                                                                                                                                  • 6.8 Receptor-Oriented and Source-Oriented Air Pollution Models
                                                                                                                                    • 6.9 Other Topics
                                                                                                                                      • 6.9.1 Building Wakes
                                                                                                                                        • 6.9.2 Aerodynamic Downwash
                                                                                                                                          • 6.9.3 Transport Distances
                                                                                                                                            • 6.9.4 Initial Dispersion
                                                                                                                                              • 6.9.5 EPA-Recommended Models
                                                                                                                                              • 6.10 Summary
                                                                                                                                              • 7 General Ideas in Air Pollution Control
                                                                                                                                                • 7.1 Alternatives
                                                                                                                                                  • 7.1.1 Improve Dispersion
                                                                                                                                                    • 7.1.2 Reduce Emissions by Process Change, Pollution Prevention
                                                                                                                                                      • 7.1.3 Use a Downstream Pollution Control Device
                                                                                                                                                      • 7.2 Resource Recovery
                                                                                                                                                        • 7.3 The Ultimate Fate of Pollutants
                                                                                                                                                          • 7.4 Designing Air Pollution Control Systems and Equipment
                                                                                                                                                            • 7.4.1 Air Pollution Control Equipment Costs
                                                                                                                                                            • 7.5 Fluid Velocities in Air Pollution Control Equipment
                                                                                                                                                              • 7.6 Minimizing Volumetric Flow Rate and Pressure Drop
                                                                                                                                                                • 7.7 Efficiency, Penetration, Nines
                                                                                                                                                                  • 7.8 Homogeneous and Nonhomogeneous Pollutants
                                                                                                                                                                    • 7.9 Basing Calculations on Inert Flowrates
                                                                                                                                                                      • 7.10 Combustion
                                                                                                                                                                        • 7.10.1 What Burns?
                                                                                                                                                                          • 7.10.2 Heat of Combustion
                                                                                                                                                                            • 7.10.3 Explosive or Combustible Limits
                                                                                                                                                                              • 7.10.4 Equilibrium in Combustion Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                • 7.10.5 Combustion Kinetics, Burning Rates
                                                                                                                                                                                  • 7.10.6 Mixing in Combustion Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                    • 7.10.7 Flame Temperature
                                                                                                                                                                                      • 7.10.8 Combustion Time
                                                                                                                                                                                        • 7.10.9 The Volume and Composition of Combustion Products
                                                                                                                                                                                        • 7.11 Changing Volumetric Flow Rates
                                                                                                                                                                                          • 7.12 Acid Dew Point
                                                                                                                                                                                            • 7.13 Catalysts for Air Pollution Control
                                                                                                                                                                                              • 7.14 Summary
                                                                                                                                                                                              • 8 The Nature of Particulate Pollutants
                                                                                                                                                                                                • 8.1 Primary and Secondary Particulates
                                                                                                                                                                                                  • 8.2 Settling Velocity and Drag Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 8.2.1 Stokes'Law
                                                                                                                                                                                                      • 8.2.2 Particles Too Large for Stokes'Law
                                                                                                                                                                                                        • 8.2.3 Particles Too Small for Stokes'Law
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • 8.2.4 Stokes Stopping Distance
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • 8.2.5 Aerodynamic Particle Diameter
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • 8.2.6 Diffusion of Particles
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • 8.3 Particle Size Distribution Functions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                • 8.3.1 A Very Simple Example: The Population of the United States
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • 8.3.2 The Gaussian, or Normal Distribution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 8.3.3 The Log-Normal Distribution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • 8.3.4 Distributions by Weight and by Number
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • 8.4 Particles in Our Bodies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • 8.5 Secondary Fine Particles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • 8.6 Behavior of Particles in the Atmosphere
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • 8.7 Summary
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • 9 Control of Primary Particulates
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • 9.1 Wall Collection Devices
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • 9.1.1 Gravity Settlers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • 9.1.2 Centrifugal Separators
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 9.1.3 Electrostatic Precipitators (ESP)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 9.2 Dividing Collection Devices
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • 9.2.1 Surface Filters
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • 9.2.2 Depth Filters
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • 9.2.3 Filter Media
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • 9.2.4 Scrubbers for Particulate Control
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • 9.3 Choosing a Collector
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • 9.4 Summary
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • 10 Control of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • 10.1 Vapor Pressure, Equilibrium Vapor Content, Evaporation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • 10.2 VOCs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 10.3 Control by Prevention
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • 10.3.1 Substitution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • 10.3.2 Process Modification
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • 10.3.3 Leakage Control
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • 10.4 Control by Concentration and Recovery
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • 10.4.1 Condensation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • 10.4.2 Adsorption
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • 10.4.3 Absorption (Scrubbing)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • 10.5 Control by Oxidation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • 10.5.1 Combustion (Incineration)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 10.5.2 Biological Oxidation (Biofiltration)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 10.6 The Mobile Source Problem
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • 10.7 Choosing a Control Technology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • 10.8 Summary
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • 11 Control of Sulfur Oxides
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • 11.1 The Elementary Oxidation-Reduction Chemistry of Sulfur and Nitrogen
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • 11.2 An Overview of the Sulfur Problem
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • 11.3 The Removal of Reduced Sulfur Compounds from Petroleum and Natural Gas Streams
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • 11.3.1 The UIses and Limitations of Ahsorhbers and Strippers for Air Pollution Control
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • 11.3.2 Sulfur Removal from Hydrocarbons
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • 11.4 Removal of SO2 from Rich Waste Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 11.5 Removal of SO2 from Lean Waste Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • 11.5.1 Some History of FGD
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • 11.5.2 Limestone Scrubbers with Forced Oxidation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • 11.5.3 Other Approaches
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • 11.6 Future SO2 Control Technologies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • 11.6.1 Don't Burn at All
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • 11.7 Summary
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • 12 Control of Nitrogen Oxides
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • 12.1 An Overview of the Nitrogen Oxides Problem
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • 12.1.1 Comparison with Sulfur Oxides
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • 12.1.2 Reactions in the Atmosphere
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 12.1.3 NO and NO, Equilibrium
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • 12.1.4 Thermal, Prompt, and Fuel NOx
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • 12.2 Thermal NO
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • 12.2.1 The Zeldovich Kinetics of Thermal NO Formation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • 12.2.2 Heating and Cooling Times
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • 12.3 Prompt NO
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • 12.4 Fuel NO
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • 12.5 Noncombustion Sources of Nitrogen Oxides
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • 12.6 Control of Nitrogen Oxide Emissions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • 12.6.1 Nitrogen Oxide Control by Combustion Modification
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 12.6.2 Nitrogen Oxide Control by Postflame Treatment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 12.7 Units and Standards in NO, Control
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • 12.8 Summary
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • 13 The Motor Vehicle Problem
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • 13.1 An Overview of the Problem of Air Pollution from Motor Vehicles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • 13.1.1 Emissions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • 13.1.2 The Regulatory History of Motor Vehicle Air Pollution Control
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • 13.2 The Internal Combustion (IC) Engine
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • 13.2.1 The Four-Stroke IC Gasoline Engine
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • 13.2.2 Pollutant Formation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • 13.3 Crankcase and Evaporative Emissions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • 13.4 Tailpipe Emissions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 13.4.1 Catalytically Treat the Combustion Products
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • 13.4.2 Change the Fuel to Reduce Emissions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • 13.4.3 Computer Control
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • 13.4.4 Lean Burn
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • 13.5 Tampering and Emission Testing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • 13.6 Storage and Transfer Emissions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • 13.7 Alternative Power Plants
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • 13.7.1 Diesel Engines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • 13.7.2 Gasoline-Powered Two-Stroke Engines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 13.7.3 Gas Turbine Engines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • 13.7.4 Electric Vehicles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • 13.7.5 Hybrid Vehicles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • 13.7.6 Other Options
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • 13.8 Reducing Our Dependence on Motor Vehicles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • 13.9 Summary
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • 14 Air Pollutants and Global Climate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • 14.1 Global Warming/Climate Change
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • 14.1.1 Radiative Forcing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • 14.1.2 Carbon Dioxide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 14.1.3 Other Greenhouse Gases, Aerosols
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 14.2 Stratospheric Ozone Depletion and Chlorofluorocarbons
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • 14.3 Acid Rain
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • 14.4 The Current Situation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • 14.4.1 What Can We Do?
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • 14.4.2 Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • 14.4.3 Adapt or Geoengineer?
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • 14.5 Summary
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • 15 Other Topics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • 15.1 Carbon Monoxide (CO)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • 15.2 Lead
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 15.3 Hazardous Air Pollutants, HAP, (Air Toxics)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • 15.3.1 Mercury
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • 15.4 Indoor Air Pollution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • 15.4.1 Indoor and Outdoor Concentrations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • 15.4.2 Models
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • 15.4.3 Control of Indoor Air Quality
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • 15.5 The Radon Problem
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • 15.6 Summary
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Appendixes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • A Useful Values
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • A.1 Values of the Universal Gas Constant
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • A.2 Vapor Pressure Equations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • B Table of Acronyms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • C Fuels
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • C.1 Where Fuels Come From, How They Burn
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • C.2 Natural Gas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • C.3 Liquid Petroleum Gas, Propane, and Butane
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • C.4 Liquid Fuels
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • C.5 Solid Fuels
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • C.6 Comparing Fuel Prices and Emissions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • C.7 Coal and Environmental Politics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • D Elementary Chemistry of Ozone Production
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • E Adsorber Breakthrough Time
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • F Answers to Selected Problems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Index
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • COMMON UNITS AND VALUES FOR PROBLEMS AND EXAMPLES

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