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非晶态固体：结构和特性（英文版）

作者：
Zbigniew H. Stachurski
定价：
99.00 元
版面字数：
360.000千字
开本：
16开
装帧形式：
精装
版次：
1
最新版次
印刷时间：
2015-01-09
ISBN：
978-7-04-042629-8
物料号：
42629-00
出版时间：
2015-06-04
读者对象：
学术著作
一级分类：
自然科学
二级分类：
材料
三级分类：
晶体材料

本书是根据多年教学实践，参照“工科类本科数学基础课程教学基本要求”和《全国硕士研究生入学统一考试数学考试大纲》，按照新形势下教材改革的精神编写而成。 与同类教材不同，本书将数学软件Mathematica 融入到教学实践环节中，对传统的高等数学教学内容和体系进行适当整合，力求严谨清晰，富于启发性和可读性。

全书分上、 下两册。 上册内容为函数与极限，导数与微分，微分中值定理与导数的应用，一元函数积分学及其应用和无穷级数。下册内容为向量代数与空间解析几何，多元函数微分学及其应用，重积分，曲线积分与曲面积分及常微分方程。书中还配备了丰富的例题和习题，分为A（为一般基本要求）、 B（有一定难度和深度）两类，便于分层次教学。

本书可作为高等学校理、工科各类专业高等数学课程的教材。

  • Preface
  • 1 Spheres， Clusters and Packing of Spheres
    • 1.1 Introduction
    • 1.2 Geometry of Spheres
      • 1.2.1 A Sphere and Its Neighbours
      • 1.2.2 Neighbours by Touching
      • 1.2.3 Hard and Soft Spheres
    • 1.3 Geometry of Clusters
      • 1.3.1 Regular Clusters
      • 1.3.2 Irregular Clusters
      • 1.3.3 Coordination of （1+k） Clusters
        • 1.3.3.1 Blocking Model for Cluster Formation
        • 1.3.3.2 Furth Model for Cluster Formation
      • 1.3.4 Configuration of （1+k） Clusters
        • 1.3.4.1 Regular Clusters
        • 1.3.4.2 Irregular Clusters
        • 1.3.4.3 Closing Vector Based on Radial Vector Polygon
        • 1.3.4.4 Physical Meaning of the Closing Vector，
        • 1.3.4.5 Spherical Harmonics
    • 1.4 Geometry of Sphere Packings
      • 1.4.1 Fixed and Loose Packings
      • 1.4.2 Ordered Packing
      • 1.4.3 Disordered Packing
      • 1.4.4 Random Packing
      • 1.4.5 Random Sequential Addition of Hard Spheres
      • 1.4.6 Random Closed Packing of Spheres
      • 1.4.7 Neighbours by Voronoi Tessellation
      • 1.4.8 Neighbours by Coordination Shell
        • 1.4.8.1 Pair Distribution Function
        • 1.4.8.2 The Probability of Contacts
        • 1.4.8.3 Contact Configuration Function
      • 1.4.9 Short and Medium Range Order
    • References
  • 2 Characteristics of Sphere Packings
    • 2.1 Geometrical Properties
      • 2.1.1 The Coordination Distribution Function， ~P（k）
      • 2.1.2 Tetrahedricity
      • 2.1.3 Voronoi Polyhedra Notation
      • 2.1.4 Topology of Clusters
        • 2.1.4.1 Ordered Clusters
        • 2.1.4.2 Irregular Clusters
      • 2.1.5 The Configuration Distribution Function， Φk（ζ）
      • 2.1.6 The Volume Fraction
        • 2.1.6.1 Regular Polyhedra
        • 2.1.6.2 Irregular Polyhedra
      • 2.1.7 The Packing Fraction
        • 2.1.7.1 The Average Packing Fraction for the Round Cell
        • 2.1.7.2 The Local Packing Fraction
        • 2.1.7.3 The Limits of Packing Fraction
      • 2.1.8 Representative Volume Element
      • 2.1.9 Density of Single Phase
        • 2.1.9.1 Density of Crystalline Solid
        • 2.1.9.2 Density of Amorphous Solid
      • 2.1.10 Density of a Composite
      • 2.1.11 Solidity of Packing
    • 2.2 X-ray Scattering
      • 2.2.1 Introduction
      • 2.2.2 Geometry of Diffraction and Scattering
      • 2.2.3 Intensity of a Scattered Wave
        • 2.2.3.1 Amorphous Solid
        • 2.2.3.2 Ehrenfest Formula
        • 2.2.3.3 Polyatomic Solid
      • 2.2.4 Factors Affecting Integrated Scattered Intensity
        • 2.2.4.1 Integrated Intensity of Powder Pattern Lines from Crystalline Body
        • 2.2.4.2 Integrated Scattered Intensity from Monoatomic Body
    • 2.3 Glass Transition Measured by Calorimetry
    • References
  • 3 Glassy Materials and Ideal Amorphous Solids
    • 3.1 Introduction
      • 3.1.1 Solidification
        • 3.1.1.1 Solidification by Means of Crystallization
        • 3.1.1.2 Solidification through Vitrification
      • 3.1.2 Cognate Groups of Amorphous Materials （Glasses）
        • 3.1.2.1 Metallic Glasses
        • 3.1.2.2 Inorganic Glasses
        • 3.1.2.3 Organic Glasses
        • 3.1.2.4 Amorphous Thin Films
    • 3.2 Summary of Models of Amorphous Solids
      • 3.2.1 Lattice with Atomic Disorder
      • 3.2.2 Disordered Clusters on Lattice
      • 3.2.3 Geometric Models for Amorphous Networks
      • 3.2.4 Packing of Regular but Incongruent Clusters
      • 3.2.5 Irregular Clusters - Random Packing
      • 3.2.6 Molecular Dynamics
      • 3.2.7 Monte Carlo Method
    • 3.3 IAS Model of a-Argon
      • 3.3.1 IAS Parameters
      • 3.3.2 Round Cell Simulation and Analysis
        • 3.3.2.1 Coordination Distribution Function
        • 3.3.2.2 Voronoi Volume and Configuration Distribution Functions
        • 3.3.2.3 Radial Distribution Function
        • 3.3.2.4 X-ray Scattering from the IAS Model
        • 3.3.2.5 Crystalline and Amorphous Cluster
      • 3.3.3 Summary of a-Ar IAS Structure
    • 3.4 IAS Model of a-NiNb Alloy
      • 3.4.1 Introduction
      • 3.4.2 IAS Model of a-NiNb Alloy
        • 3.4.2.1 Coordination Distribution Functions
        • 3.4.2.2 Voronoi Volume Distribution
        • 3.4.2.3 Pair Distribution Function
        • 3.4.2.4 Probability of Contacts
      • 3.4.3 X-ray Scattering from a-NiNb Alloy
        • 3.4.3.1 Experimental Results
        • 3.4.3.2 Theoretical Results
      • 3.4.4 Density of a-Ni62-Nb38 Alloy
        • 3.4.4.1 Crystalline Alloy
        • 3.4.4.2 Amorphous Alloy
      • 3.4.5 Summary of a-NiNb IAS Structure
    • 3.5 IAS Model of a-MgCuGd Alloy
      • 3.5.1 Physical Properties of the Elements
      • 3.5.2 IAS Simulation of a-MgCuGd Alloy
        • 3.5.2.1 Coordination Distribution Functions
        • 3.5.2.2 Configuration Distribution Function
        • 3.5.2.3 Radial Distribution Function
        • 3.5.2.4 Probability of Contacts
        • 3.5.2.5 Cluster Composition According to IAS
        • 3.5.2.6 Cluster Composition According to MD
      • 3.5.3 X-ray Scattering from a-Mg65-Cu25-Gd10 Alloy
        • 3.5.3.1 Fiat Plate X-ray Scattering Pattern
        • 3.5.3.2 Calibration based on Si Powder Pattern
        • 3.5.3.3 Uncertainties and Corrections
      • 3.5.4 Density of Mg65-Cu25-Gd10 Alloy
        • 3.5.4.1 Crystalline Alloy
        • 3.5.4.2 Amorphous Alloy
      • 3.5.5 Summary of a-MgCuGd 1AS Structure
    • 3.6 IAS Model of a-ZrTiCuNiBe Alloy
      • 3.6.1 Transmission Electron Microscopy
      • 3.6.2 IAS Simulation of Amorphous a-ZrTiCuNiBe Alloy
        • 3.6.2.1 Coordination Distribution Function
        • 3.6.2.2 Voronoi Volume Distribution
        • 3.6.2.3 Radial Distribution Function
      • 3.6.3 Atomic Probe of the a-ZrTiCuNiBe Alloy
        • 3.6.3.1 Probability of Contacts
      • 3.6.4 Selected Clusters from the a-ZrTiCuNiBe Alloy
      • 3.6.5 X-ray Scattering from the a-ZrTiCuNiBe Alloy
      • 3.6.6 Density of ZrTiCuNiBe Alloy
        • 3.6.6.1 Crystalline Alloy
        • 3.6.6.2 Amorphous Alloy
        • 3.6.6.3 Vitreloy Alloys
      • 3.6.7 Summary of a-ZrTiCuNiBe IAS Structure
    • 3.7 IAS Model of a-Polyethylene （a-PE）
      • 3.7.1 Radial Distribution Function
      • 3.7.2 X-ray Scattering
        • 3.7.2.1 Short-Range Order
      • 3.7.3 Summary of a-PE IAS Structure
    • 3.8 IAS Model of a-Silica （a-SiO2）
      • 3.8.1 Molecular Parameters for SiO2
      • 3.8.2 IAS and United Atom Models for SiO2
      • 3.8.3 Summary of a-SiO2 IAS Structure
    • 3.9 Chalcogenide Glasses
      • 3.9.1 As12-Ge33-Se55 Chalcogenide Glass
      • 3.9.2 Measured Coordination Distribution
      • 3.9.3 Measured X-ray Scattering
      • 3.9.4 Glass-Transition Temperature of AsGeSe Glasses
      • 3.9.5 Models of Atomic Arrangements in AsGeSe Glass
        • 3.9.5.1 IAS Model of AsGeSe Glass
        • 3.9.5.2 Other Models of AsGeSe Glass
      • 3.9.6 Summary of a-AsGeSe IAS Structure
    • 3.10 Concluding Remarks
      • 3.10.1 Chapter 3
      • 3.10.2 Chapter 2
    • References
  • 4 Mechanical Behaviour
    • 4.1 Introduction
    • 4.2 Elasticity
      • 4.2.1 Phenomenology
      • 4.2.2 Continuum Mechanics
        • 4.2.2.1 Calculation of Average Elastic Constants - Aggregate Theory
        • 4.2.2.2 Green's Elastic Strain Energy
      • 4.2.3 Atomistic Elasticity
        • 4.2.3.1 Calculation of an Elastic Constant for Single Crystal of Argon
    • 4.3 Elastic Properties of Amorphous Solids
      • 4.3.1 Elastic Modulus of Amorphous Argon
    • 4.4 Fracture
      • 4.4.1 Phenomenology
      • 4.4.2 Continuum Mechanics
        • 4.4.2.1 Definition of Fracture Mechanics: Fracture Toughness
        • 4.4.2.2 Elastic Strain Energy Release
        • 4.4.2.3 Solid Surface Energy
        • 4.4.2.4 Griffith's Fracture Stress
        • 4.4.2.5 The Role of Defects
      • 4.4.3 Atomistic Fracture Mechanics of Solids
        • 4.4.3.1 Theoretical Cleavage Strength
        • 4.4.3.2 Theoretical Shear Strength
    • 4.5 Plasticity
      • 4.5.1 Phenomenology
      • 4.5.2 Continumm Mechanics
        • 4.5.2.1 Tresca Yield Criterion
        • 4.5.2.2 Huber-von Mises Criterion
      • 4.5.3 Atomistic Mechanics of Crystalline Solids
        • 4.5.3.1 Strain Hardening
        • 4.5.3.2 Grain Boundary Strengthening
        • 4.5.3.3 Solid Solution Hardening
        • 4.5.3.4 Precipitation Hardening
        • 4.5.3.5 Mechanisms of Plastic Flow in Crystalline Materials
        • 4.5.3.6 Displacement of Atoms Around Dislocations
        • 4.5.3.7 Critical Shear Stress to Move Dislocation
    • 4.6 Plasticity in Plasticity: Amorphous Solids
      • 4.6.1 Plastic Deformation by Shear Band Propagation
    • 4.7 Superplasticity
      • 4.7.1 Phenomenology
      • 4.7.2 Continuum Mechanics
      • 4.7.3 Superplasticity in Bulk Metallic Glasses
        • 4.7.3.1 Calculation of Strain Rate for Superplasticity
      • 4.7.4 Concordant Deformation Mechanism
        • 4.7.4.1 Density Variation in Amorphous Solids
        • 4.7.4.2 The 'Inclusion' Problem
        • 4.7.4.3 The System without Transformation
        • 4.7.4.4 The System with Transformation
        • 4.7.4.5 Conclusions
    • 4.8 Viscoelasticity
      • 4.8.1 Phenomenology
      • 4.8.2 Time-and Temperature-Dependent Behaviour
        • 4.8.2.1 Definitions of Viscosity
        • 4.8.2.2 Order of Magnitude Calculations
      • 4.8.3 Temperature Effect on Viscoelastic Behaviour
        • 4.8.3.1 Arrhenius Behaviour
        • 4.8.3.2 Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann Behaviour
    • References
  • Index
  • Color Plots