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Foundations of Computer Systems Research(计算机系统研究基础)


作者:
施巍松
定价:
59.00 元
版面字数:
430千字
开本:
16开
装帧形式:
平装
版次:
1
最新版次
印刷时间:
2010年
ISBN:
978-7-04-029063-9
物料号:
29063-00
出版时间:
2010-10-20
读者对象:
高等教育
一级分类:
计算机/教育技术类
二级分类:
计算机科学与技术专业课程

自从计算机问世以来,计算机系统结构的研究重点发生了很多变化,这让一些希望从事这方面研究的新手觉得很难入门。作者根据多年从事研究和指导研究生的经验,把计算机系统研究中最常用的原理和关键技术汇集在一起。在基本知识部分,作者描述了从事系统结构研究的基本要领,包括如何读、写、说,以及英文写作最常见的问题,并给出了12个最经典的设计原理和经验。在关键技术部分,作者从建模、设计、实现和性能评测方面选择了15个关键技术进行了详细的讨论和描述,每一个关键技术的题目都经过精心挑选,并且提供多个实例分析。

本书可供计算机系统结构初学者使用,也可供高年级本科生和研究生在学习有关课程时参考。

  • 目录
    • Front Matter
      • Part I General
        • 1 Elements
          • 1.1 Top Systems Conferences/Journals
            • 1.2 How to Read a Research Paper
              • 1.3 How to Write a Research Paper
                • 1.3.1 Abstract
                  • 1.3.2 Introduction
                    • 1.3.3 Background Information/Problem Statement
                      • 1.3.4 Your Approach
                        • 1.3.5 Implementation
                          • 1.3.6 Performance Evaluation
                            • 1.3.7 Related Work
                              • 1.3.8 Conclusions
                                • 1.3.9 Acknowledgement
                                  • 1.3.10 References
                                    • 1.3.11 Most Common Mistakes in Paper Writing
                                    • 1.4 How to Give a Presentation
                                      • 1.4.1 General Approach
                                        • 1.4.2 Understanding the Paper
                                          • 1.4.3 Adapting the Paper for Presentation
                                            • 1.4.4 Slides
                                              • 1.4.5 The Dry-Run
                                                • 1.4.6 To Memorize or not to Memorize?
                                                  • 1.4.7 You Are on the Stage
                                                    • 1.4.8 Interacting with the Audience and Dealing with Questions
                                                    • 1.5 Final Words: On Being a Scientist
                                                      • References
                                                      • 2 Rules of Thumb
                                                        • 2.1 Rules of Thumb
                                                          • 2.2 Further Readings
                                                            • References
                                                            • Part II Design
                                                              • 3 Bloom Filters
                                                                • 3.1 Introduction
                                                                  • 3.2 Standard Bloom Filters
                                                                    • 3.2.1 Basic Idea of Bloom Filters
                                                                      • 3.2.2 False Positive Rate Estimation
                                                                        • 3.2.3 Optimal Number of Hash Functions
                                                                          • 3.2.4 Another Method of Implementing
                                                                          • 3.3 Counting Bloom Filters
                                                                            • 3.4 Compressed Bloom Filters
                                                                              • 3.5 D -left Counting Bloom Filters
                                                                                • 3.5.1 D-left Hashing
                                                                                  • 3.5.2 D-left Counting Bloom Filters
                                                                                    • 3.5.3 Performance
                                                                                    • 3.6 Spectral Bloom Filters
                                                                                      • 3.6.1 Basic Principle of SBF
                                                                                        • 3.6.2 SBF Frequency Query Optimization
                                                                                        • 3.7 Dynamic Counting Bloom Filters
                                                                                          • 3.8 Case Studies
                                                                                            • 3.8.1 Case Study 1: Summary Cache
                                                                                              • 3.8.2 Case Study 2: IP Traceback
                                                                                              • 3.9 Conclusion
                                                                                                • References
                                                                                                • 4 Distributed Hash Tables
                                                                                                  • 4.1 Introduction
                                                                                                    • 4.2 An Overview of DHT
                                                                                                      • 4.3 The Overlay Network of DHT
                                                                                                        • 4.4 Chord: An Implementation of DHT
                                                                                                          • 4.4.1 Topology of Chord
                                                                                                            • 4.4.2 Key Lookup in Chord
                                                                                                              • 4.4.3 Dynamic Updates and Failure Recovery
                                                                                                              • 4.5 Case Study 1: Cooperative Domain Name System (CoDoNS)
                                                                                                                • 4.5.1 Background and Motivation
                                                                                                                  • 4.5.2 Overview of the System
                                                                                                                    • 4.5.3 DHT in CoDoNS
                                                                                                                      • 4.5.4 Evaluation
                                                                                                                      • 4.6 Case Study 2: Cooperative File System (CFS)
                                                                                                                        • 4.6.1 Background and Motivation
                                                                                                                          • 4.6.2 Overview of the System
                                                                                                                            • 4.6.3 DHT in CFS
                                                                                                                              • 4.6.4 Evaluation
                                                                                                                              • References
                                                                                                                              • 5 Locality Sensitive Hashing
                                                                                                                                • 5.1 Introduction
                                                                                                                                  • 5.1.1 Basic Idea of LSH
                                                                                                                                    • 5.1.2 The Origin of LSH
                                                                                                                                    • 5.2 Overview
                                                                                                                                      • 5.2.1 The Definition
                                                                                                                                        • 5.2.2 Properties of LSH
                                                                                                                                          • 5.2.3 Several LSH Families
                                                                                                                                            • 5.2.4 Approximate Nearest Neighbor
                                                                                                                                            • 5.3 Case Study 1: Large-Scale Sequence Comparison
                                                                                                                                              • 5.3.1 Theory
                                                                                                                                                • 5.3.2 Algorithm Complexity
                                                                                                                                                  • 5.3.3 Implementation Details
                                                                                                                                                    • 5.3.4 Results
                                                                                                                                                    • 5.4 Case Study 2: Image Retrieval
                                                                                                                                                      • 5.4.1 Motivation
                                                                                                                                                        • 5.4.2 The Problems of Existing Approaches
                                                                                                                                                          • 5.4.3 The System
                                                                                                                                                            • 5.4.4 Results
                                                                                                                                                            • References
                                                                                                                                                            • 6 XOR Operations
                                                                                                                                                              • 6.1 Introduction
                                                                                                                                                                • 6.2 XOR Operation
                                                                                                                                                                  • 6.2.1 Truth Table
                                                                                                                                                                    • 6.2.2 Set Diagrams
                                                                                                                                                                    • 6.3 XOR Properties
                                                                                                                                                                      • 6.4 Compress with XOR
                                                                                                                                                                        • 6.4.1 Case Study 1: XOR-linked list
                                                                                                                                                                          • 6.4.2 Case Study 2: XOR swap algorithm
                                                                                                                                                                          • 6.5 Fault Tolerance
                                                                                                                                                                            • 6.5.1 Case Study 3: Hamming (7,4) code
                                                                                                                                                                              • 6.5.2 Hamming Codes with Additional Parity
                                                                                                                                                                                • 6.5.3 Case Study 4: RAID
                                                                                                                                                                                • 6.6 Case Study 5: Feistel Cipher
                                                                                                                                                                                  • 6.7 Case Study 6: Kademlia
                                                                                                                                                                                    • 6.7.1 XOR Metric in Kademlia
                                                                                                                                                                                      • 6.7.2 Routing Table in Kademlia
                                                                                                                                                                                        • 6.7.3 Kademlia Protocol
                                                                                                                                                                                        • 6.8 Conclusion
                                                                                                                                                                                          • References
                                                                                                                                                                                          • 7 Adaptation
                                                                                                                                                                                            • 7.1 Introduction
                                                                                                                                                                                              • 7.2 How Adaptation Works and Key Issues
                                                                                                                                                                                                • 7.2.1 How Does Adaptation Work?
                                                                                                                                                                                                  • 7.2.2 Classification of Adaptation
                                                                                                                                                                                                  • 7.3 Case Studies
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 7.3.1 Case Study 1: Adaption in Internet Routing System
                                                                                                                                                                                                      • 7.3.2 Case Study 2: Adaptive Self-Configuration for Sensor Networks
                                                                                                                                                                                                      • References
                                                                                                                                                                                                      • 8 Optimistic Replication
                                                                                                                                                                                                        • 8.1 Introduction
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • 8.2 Topic Description
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • 8.2.1 Design Considerations
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • 8.2.2 Techniques and Algorithms
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • 8.3 Case Studies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                • 8.3.1 Case Study 1: The Notes System
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • 8.3.2 Case Study 2: The Bayou system
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • References
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • 9 Reputation and Trust
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 9.1 Introduction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • 9.2 Reputation Systems: Challenges and Models
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • 9.2.1 Challenges
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • 9.2.2 Reputation Models
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • 9.2.3 Threat Model
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • 9.3 Comparison of Representative Work
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • 9.4 Case Studies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • 9.4.1 Case Study 1: EigenTrust
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • 9.4.2 Case Study 2: HOURS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • 9.5 Conclusion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • References
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 10 Moving Average
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • 10.1 Introduction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • 10.2 Topic Description
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • 10.2.1 Simple Moving Average
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • 10.2.2 Cumulative Moving Average
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • 10.2.3 Weighted Moving Average
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • 10.2.4 Exponential Weighted Moving Average
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • 10.3 Case Study 1: Attacks Detection
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • 10.3.1 Introduction of Denial of Service Attack
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 10.3.2 Anomalies Detection
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • 10.3.3 SYN Flooding Detection
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • 10.3.4 Other Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • 10.4 Case Study 2: Machine Monitoring Technique
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • 10.5 Case Study 3: Data Cleaning in Wireless Sensor Networks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • 10.6 Conclusion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • References
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • 11 Machine Learning
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • 11.1 Machine Learning Concepts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • 11.1.1 Concepts and History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • 11.2 Introduction of Machine Learning
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 11.2.1 A Typical Machine Learning Problem
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • 11.2.2 Machine Learning in Computer Systems Research
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • 11.3 Machine Learning Techniques
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • 11.3.1 Category
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • 11.3.2 Machine Learning Techniques and Algorithms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • 11.4 Case Studies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • 11.4.1 Case Study 1: Large-Scale System Problem Detection
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • 11.4.2 Case Study 2: Snitch
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • 11.5 Conclusion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • References
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Part III Implementation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • 12 Asynchronous I/O
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 12.1 Motivation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • 12.2 I/O Multiplexing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • 12.3 Asynchronous I/O
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • 12.3.1 Linux Asynchronous I/O
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • 12.3.2 Windows Overlapped I/O
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • 12.4 Conclusion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • References
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • 13 Multithreading
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • 13.1 Background
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • 13.2 The Concept of Thread
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 13.3 Hardware Support for Multithreading
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • 13.3.1 Block Multithreading
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • 13.3.2 Interleaved Multithreading
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • 13.3.3 Simultaneous Multithreading
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • 13.4 Multithreading Programming
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • 13.4.1 POSIX Threads (Pthreads)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • 13.4.2 JAVA Threads
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • 13.4.3 WIN32 Threads
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • 13.4.4 Common APIs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • 13.5 Multithreading Synchronization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 13.5.1 Multithreading Synchronization Problems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • 13.5.2 Mutual Exclusion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • 13.5.3 Solutions of Mutual Exclusion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • 13.5.4 Mutual Exclusion Cases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • 13.6 Case Studies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • 13.7 Conclusion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • References
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • 14 Virtualization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • 14.1 Virtualization Definitions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • 14.2 A Brief History of Virtualization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 14.2.1 The Mainframe Virtualization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • 14.2.2 The x86 Virtualization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • 14.3 Why Virtualization?
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • 14.4 Virtualization Capabilities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • 14.5 The Benefits of Virtualization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • 14.5.1 Increasing Utilization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • 14.5.2 Reducing Cost
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • 14.5.3 Isolation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • 14.5.4 Improving Application Development Process
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 14.5.5 Business Continuity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • 14.5.6 Manageability, Scalability and Flexibility
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • 14.6 Types of Virtualization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • 14.7 Virtualization Vendors and Products
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • 14.8 Case Studies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • 14.8.1 Case Study 1: JVM
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • 14.8.2 Case Study 2: VirtualPower
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • 14.9 Issues of Virtualization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • 14.9.1 Issues of Adopting Virtualization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • 14.9.2 Issues of Providing Virtualization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • References
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Part IV Evaluation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 15 Queueing Theory
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • 15.1 Introduction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • 15.1.1 Queueing Models
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • 15.2 Fundamental Concepts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • 15.2.1 Useful Probability Distributions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • 15.2.2 Markov Chain
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • 15.3 Queueing Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • 15.3.1 Markovian Queues
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • 15.3.2 Non-Markovian Queues
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • 15.4 Queueing Networks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • 15.5 Case Studies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 15.5.1 Case Study 1: Telephone Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • 15.5.2 Case Study 2: A Barber Shop
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • References
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • 16 Black Box Testing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • 16.1 Introduction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • 16.2 Black Box Testing Techniques
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • 16.2.1 Equivalence Partitioning
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • 16.2.2 Boundary Value Analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • 16.2.3 Decision Table Testing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • 16.2.4 Pairwise Testing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 16.2.5 State Transition Tables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • 16.2.6 Use Case Testing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • 16.3 Other Methods of Software Testing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • 16.4 Case Studies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • 16.4.1 Case Study 1: Web Services
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • 16.4.2 Case Study 2: MobileTest
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • References
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • 17 Goodness-of-Fit
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • 17.1 Introduction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • 17.2 General Topics in Goodness-of-Fit
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • 17.2.1 Hypothesis Testing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 17.2.2 Definition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • 17.2.3 Common Problems in Goodness-of-Fit Tests
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • 17.2.4 Quantitative Goodness-of-fit Techniques
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • 17.3 Chi-Square Test
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • 17.3.1 Meaning of the Chi-Square Test
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • 17.3.2 Definition of Chi-Square
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • 17.4 Kolmogorov-Smirnov test
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • 17.4.1 How Does K-S Test Work?
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • 17.4.2 Comparison of Chi-Square and Kolmogorov-Smirnov Tests
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • 17.5 Case Studies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • 17.5.1 Case Study 1: Object Characteristics of Dynamic Web Content
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 17.5.2 Case Study 2: Failures in High-Performance Computing Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • References
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Index
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • 版权

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